ypically, the backbone of a wireless mesh network (WMN) is made up of dedicated wireless nodes called mesh routers (MRs), which are configured in an ad hoc mode and use omnidirectional antennas, with one or multiple wireless radio interfaces based on IEEE 802.11 technologies. These MRs can be freely organized into any network topology, and communicate with each other using protocols such as Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) [1] and Better Approach to Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (BATMAN) [2]. However, traditional WMNs are difficult to manage and upgrade because configurations are made manually and are error-prone. It normally takes weeks or even months to provide new services for service activation, test, and assurance. Furthermore, mesh routers work in a self-organizing manner without a global view, leading to poor network resource allocation and low performance, especially in largescale networks.Software defined networking (SDN) is a promising network paradigm that significantly simplifies network management [3]. By decoupling control plane and data plane, SDN enables flexible control and dynamic resource configuration with a global view of the entire network. In this way, network policies (e.g., traffic load balancing, access control, and fault-tolerance) can be easily realized, and new services be rapidly and agilely deployed.In this article, we propose a novel architecture of softwaredefined wireless mesh networks (SD-WMNs) providing Internet services. A logically centralized controller maintains all of the network information, and conducts global resource allocation. Software-defined MRs make data forwarding according to rules specified by the controller. In particular, we extend OpenFlow [3] to implement complicated interactions between the controller and software-defined MRs in wireless networks.We then summarize several critical challenges in SD-WMNs, such as spectrum isolation of control and data planes, status monitoring and collection, and congestion control.Although the SD-WMN approach is promising due to its global network knowledge and centralized management, frequent message exchange between controller and softwaredefined MRs can lead to a high traffic load that would aggravate transmission congestion in wireless networks. In order to improve resource utilization, we examine the traffic characteristics in SD-WMNs, and propose three novel spectrum allocation and traffic scheduling algorithms, that is, Fixed-Bands Non-Sharing (FB-NS), Non-Fixed-Bands NonSharing (NFB-NS), and Non-Fixed-Bands Sharing (NFB-S) algorithms, to exploit frequency and spatial multiplexing. Finally, the performance of the proposed three algorithms are evaluated by extensive simulation.
Preliminaries and the State of the Art SDN and OpenFlowSDN has been envisioned as the next generation network paradigm [3] that decouples the control plane and data plane such that complicated network logic is no longer installed in switches or routers, but at a logically centralized controller. Each switch at the data plane conducts data forward...