Exosomes from mesenchymal stromal cells reduce murine colonic inflammation via a macrophage-dependent mechanism

Serum-Free Medium Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on a Murine Model for Acute Colitis

“…Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between MSCs and macrophages will contribute to the optimal use of MSCs in clinical practice. Our data demonstrated that UCMSC S&XFM−CD more markedly promoted intestinal macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype to produce higher levels of IL-10 and lower levels of TNF-α in colon tissue compared with UCMSC SCM , similar to previous reports (Simovic Markovic et al, 2016;Song et al, 2017b;Liu et al, 2019). To our surprise, UCMSC S&XFM−CD treatment also lowered the expression of IL-4.…”

“…Our analysis showed that UCMSC SCM or UCMSC S&XFM−CD polarised macrophages from proinflammatory M1 to antiinflammatory M2 macrophages, which dampen intestinal inflammation. Similar findings have been reported previously (Song et al, 2017a;Liu et al, 2019), although other studies have shown contradicting conclusions (Song et al, 2017b;Park et al, 2018). One study shows that the administration of MSCs ameliorates colitis by decreasing the proportion of M1 macrophages population, but found no significant change in M2 macrophages (Park et al, 2018) and conversely another study demonstrates that this effect is caused by an increase in the percentage of M2 macrophages without affecting M1 macrophages (Song et al, 2017b).…”

“…We speculate that the inconsistencies may be due to different detection times or methods. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that macrophage proportions are not altered when exosomes from MSCs are administrated at the same time using the same methods (Liu et al, 2019). This indicates that there are functional differences between exosomes and MSCs.…”

Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder

“…Exosomes are also able to regulate immune system cells. It has been demonstrated that exosomes extracted from MSCs are able to inhibit IL-17-marked harmful T cells and to induce IL-10-marked regulatory cells in an in vitro model of chronic GVHD [58]. Furthermore, bone marrow-extracted MSC-derived exosomes showed a capacity to block the release of pro-inflammatory molecules TNF-α and IL-1β, and to increase the level of anti-inflammatory molecule TGF-β on in vitro PBMCs [59].…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Biological Function and Their Therapeutic Potential in Radiation Damage

“…Moreover, studies have suggested that MSC-exosomes exhibit effects in managing autoimmune or inflammatory diseases [37,43] (Table 1). In vitro, MSC-exosomes exert an immunomodulatory function, mainly by regulating the commitment of immune cells or altering their inflammatory cytokine secretion profiles [28]. For example, in the presence of IFN-γ and TNF-α, MSCs generate exosomes that induce macrophages to switch from an M1-to an M2-like phenotype, and exosomal miRNAs, including miRNA-146 and miRNA-34, greatly contribute to this process [34].…”