Exosomal microRNAs in liquid biopsies: future biomarkers for prostate cancer

Valentino, Anna; Reclusa, Pablo; Sirera, Rafael; Giallombardo, Marco; Camps, Carlos; Pauwels, Patrick; Crispi, Stefania; Rolfo, Christian

doi:10.1007/s12094-016-1599-5

Cited by 78 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Recent expression profiling studies in PCa suggest that miR may serve as potential biomarkers for PCa risk and disease progression (26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Growing evidence has indicated that mutation or polymorphisms in miR genes could affect target-binding activity, expression or processes of mature miR, consequently affecting the expression of their target genes (15,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a 3-base pair indel polymorphism within pre-microRNA-3131 in patients with prostate cancer using mismatch polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism

Hashemi

Bahari

Sattarifard

et al. 2017

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

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Abstract. The present study aimed to examine the impact of a 3-bp indel (rs57408770) polymorphism within the pre-microRNA (miR)-3131 polymorphism on prostate cancer (PCa) risk in a sample of an Iranian population. In total, 340 subjects, including 177 patients with PCa and 170 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, were enrolled in the present case-control study. A mismatch polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was designed for genotyping the 3-bp indel (rs57408770) polymorphism. The present findings demonstrated that the indel variant significantly increased the risk of PCa in codominant [odds ratio (OR)=2.23, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13-4.37; P=0.021, insertion (ins)/ins vs. deletion (del)/del] and recessive (OR=2.33, 95% CI=1.25-4.36; P=0.009, ins/ins vs. del/del + del/ins). In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the present findings for the first time proposed that a 3-bp indel variant of miR-3131 may be a risk factor for susceptibility to PCa in a sample of an Iranian population. Further studies with different ethnicities and larger sample sizes are required to validate the present findings. IntroductionProstate cancer (PCa), the second most common malignancy in men, is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men globally (1). The incidence rate of PCa in Iran is lower than that in the rest of the world (2-4). Despite the high prevalence of PCa, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of PCa. It has been proposed that genomic and environmental factors contribute to the development and progression of PCa (5-8). Twin studies have indicated that 42% of the variation in PCa risk may be attributed to genetics (9). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the most common type of genetic variation in the human genome, have been demonstrated to be associated with the risk of developing PCa (10-12).MicroRNA (miR) are small, non-coding, endogenous, single-stranded RNA molecules that are ~22 nucleotides in length (13,14). They regulate gene expression by directing sequence-specific degradation or inhibiting translation of target mRNA (13,14). Mounting evidence has suggested that mutation or SNPs in miR genes may affect target-binding activity, expression, or processes of mature miR, thus affecting the expression of their target genes (15,16). Polymorphisms in mature and/or pre-miR sequences may affect miR biogenesis and be associated with the development of various types of cancer (17-21). Small insertions and deletion (indels) polymorphisms are one of the most common genetic alterations in the human genome that influence human traits and diseases (22,23). There is limited information regarding the association between pre-miR-3131 polymorphisms and cancer risk. Recently, Wang et al (20) investigated the impact of a 3-bp indel polymorphism (rs57408770) in pre-miR-3131 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and observed that the insertion (ins) allele significantly increased the risk of HCC in a Chinese population. ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a 3-base pair indel polymorphism within pre-microRNA-3131 in patients with prostate cancer using mismatch polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism

Hashemi

Bahari

Sattarifard

et al. 2017

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

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“…Additionally, tumor-derived EVs presence in body fluids makes them a promising source of cancer biomarkers. EVs miRNA signatures already proved to have prognostic value in several cancer types, including colorectal cancer (Fu et al, 2018), pancreatic cancer (Goto et al, 2018), prostate cancer (Valentino et al, 2017), non-small cell lung cancers (Liu et al, 2017), and glioblastoma (Skog et al, 2008). A novel approach using organoid media supernatant has been proposed for the identification of EVs proteins present exclusively in the blood of PDAC patients, and not in patients disease-free or with benign conditions (Huang et al, 2019).…”

Section: New Horizons Of Organoids Application: Modeling Evs Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Cell Communication in Cancer With Organoids: Making the Complex Simple

Fiorini

Veghini

Corbo

2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Homotypic and heterotypic interactions between cells are of crucial importance in multicellular organisms for the maintenance of physiological functions. Accordingly, changes in cell-to-cell communication contribute significantly to tumor development. Cancer cells engage the different components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to support malignant proliferation, escape immune control, and favor metastatic spreading. The interaction between cancerous and non-cancerous cell types within tumors occurs in many ways, including physical contact and paracrine signaling. Furthermore, local and long-range transfer of biologically active molecules (e.g., DNA, RNA, and proteins) can be mediated by small extracellular vesicles (EVs) and this has been shown to influence many aspects of tumor progression. As it stands, there is a critical need for suitable experimental systems that enable modeling the cell-to-cell communications occurring in cancer. Given their intrinsic complexity, animal models represent the ideal system to study cell-to-cell interaction between different cell types; however, they might make difficult to assess individual contribution to a given phenotype. On the other hand, simplest experimental models (i.e., in vitro culture systems) might be of great use when weighing individual contributions to a given phenomenon, yet it is imperative that they share a considerable number of features with human cancer. Of the many culture systems available to the scientific community, patient-derived organoids already proved to faithfully recapitulate many of the traits of patients' disease, including genetic heterogeneity and response to therapy. The organoid technology offers several advantages over conventional monolayer cell cultures, including the preservation of the topology of cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions as observed in vivo. Several studies have shown that organoid cultures can be successfully used to study interaction between cancer cells and cellular components of the TME. Here, we discuss the potential of using organoids to model the interplay between cancer and non-cancer cells in order to unveil biological mechanisms involved in cancers initiation and progression, which might ultimately lead to the identification of novel intervention strategy for those diseases.

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“…Such species are enriched in exosomes and strongly resist RNases. High levels of exosomes are found in several bodily fluids from cancer patients [32] and because of their resistant nature, exosomes and miRNA can be isolated from biofluid samples and stored for many years in the freezer [33]. Their composition seems to reflect that of the parental cells and therefore provide a novel type of biomarker for various patient scenarios [34].…”

Section: Exosomes and Circulating Rnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid biopsy - emergence of a new era in personalized cancer care

2018

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The most successful treatment for cancer involves identifying druggable, biological markers for targeted therapy. In the clinical setting, surgical removal of tumors is the only procedure for identifying such targetable molecules. Shed from tumor cells, these markers are also present in circulating blood, albeit in very negligible amounts. Liquid biopsy is a procedure performed on a blood sample to look for such circulating cancer markers cells or pieces of nucleic acid from the tumor. The procedure shows promise in revolutionizing personalized cancer treatments. Here we briefly review the technique, characterization, and its utilization in clinics.

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Exosomal microRNAs in liquid biopsies: future biomarkers for prostate cancer

Cited by 78 publications

References 76 publications

Evaluation of a 3-base pair indel polymorphism within pre-microRNA-3131 in patients with prostate cancer using mismatch polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism

Evaluation of a 3-base pair indel polymorphism within pre-microRNA-3131 in patients with prostate cancer using mismatch polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism

Modeling Cell Communication in Cancer With Organoids: Making the Complex Simple

Liquid biopsy - emergence of a new era in personalized cancer care

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