exoenzymes as a pathogenicity factor for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides associated with coffee plants

Abstract

Phytopathogenic fungi during the penetration and colonization process are capable of secreting several enzymes, which enable infection of the host live tissue, acting on the degradation of wax, cuticle and cell walls. The ability of a pathogenic agent to produce enzymes or not can determine the severity degree of a disease. In this study, 33 isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides related to anthracnose and blister spot on coffee trees were evaluated for their ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes (amylase, lipase, protease, laccase, pectinase and cellulase) and specific cell wall degrading enzymes “CWDEs” (polygalacturonase, polymethylgalacturonase and pectin-lyase), as well as their relationship with the pathogenicity/aggressiveness of isolates. For all isolates of C. gloeosporioides, extracellular enzymes could be detected, except cellulases. Isolates I-9 and I-24 produced the highest levels of extracellular enzymes, as well as CWDEs. They also had the highest disease intensity indexes, suggesting a relationship between enzymes and aggressiveness of the isolates.

ACTIVIDAD ENZIMÁTICA Y PROCESO DE INFECCIÓN INICIAL DE LA PLANTA DE GUARANÁ (Paullinia cupana) POR CEPAS PATOGÉNICAS Y ENDOFÍTICAS DE Colletotrichum guaranicola

“…There were no differences between pathogenic and endophytic strains. High pectinolytic activity is likely related to pectin, which is a major plant component that could induce the fungus to produce a larger amount of these enzymes (Armesto et al, 2019). In the present study, the proteolytic enzyme was evident for all fungal strains.…”

“…According to Velho et al (2018), most pathogens utilize starch to perform their metabolic activities, and the degradation occurs directly by the action of amylases. These enzymes promote starch degradation, which can likely be used as an energy source during growth and sporulation (Armesto et al, 2019).…”

“…According to Armesto et al (2019), the greater expression of amylase and laccase activities in fungi may be related to their high needs for nutrients in the tissue colonization process. Amylase is directly related to energy requirement and laccase (polyphenol oxidase) with the penetration process.…”

“…Pathogenicity is due to the ability of the microorganism to produce extracellular enzymes that can modify the cellular components present in the plant tissues (Armesto et al, 2019;Parveen et al, 2017). Phytopathogenic fungi secrete a variety of enzymes such as cutinases, pectinases, hemicellulases and cellulases, which will act in the degradation of the plant cuticle and the cell wall, colonization, and consequently in the onset of symptoms (Armesto et al, 2019 is recognized to be involved in necrotic lesions, might play an important role in this process (Boeckx et al, 2015).…”

Causal agent of anthracnose in the pea crop (Pisum sativumL.) in northern of Perú: Symptomatology, isolation and identification, pathogenicity and control

“…(Agrios, 1995;Auyong et al, 2015). Armesto et al (2019) detectaron enzimas como la Poligalacturonasas (PG) en C. gloeosporioides y observaron mayor intensidad de antracnosis en café. Esto nos indica que existe una relación entre las PG de los hongos fitopatógenos y la patogenicidad en el hospedante (Nakamura & Iwai, 2019).…”