Exertional (Exercise-Induced) Rhabdomyolysis

Rider, Brian; Coughlin, Adam M.; Carlson, Chad; Hew‐Butler, Tamara

doi:10.1249/fit.0000000000000478

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Measures such as warm-ups, sufficient water intake and ingestion of protein in combination with carbohydrates can help prevent rhabdomyolysis. 7,40,42,43 Baty et al 44 gave carbohydrate-protein supplements to a group of athletes and compared them to another group which received a placebo (electrolytes and artificial sweetener). They measured performance and muscle damage and found CK and myoglobin levels were significantly higher in the placebo group 24 h after exercise.…”

Section: Preventative Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The type of exercise that should be done in order to prevent rhabdomyolysis is unclear, although it is known that eccentric contraction may cause more rhabdomyolysis than concentric contraction. 42,45 Stretching and warm-ups are also generally thought to decrease the incidence and likelihood of muscle injuries due to increase in flexibility and range of motion. 46 Small et al 46 performed a systematic review to assess efficacy of static stretching as part of warm-up to prevent exertional rhabdomyolysis.…”

Section: Preventative Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body Building and Aminotransferase Elevations: A Review

Kim¹,

Wu²

2020

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology

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In addition to liver injury, elevation of aminotransferases can be caused by strenuous exercise and use of muscle-building and weight-loss supplements. The purpose of this review is to discuss the various mechanisms of elevation of aminotransferases related to body building. A literature review was performed on clinical trials and case reports involving exercise or supplement use and their effects on aminotransferases. Normal aminotransferase levels varied according to gender, age, body mass index, and comorbidities. Strenuous exercise and weight lifting, especially in the unaccustomed, can cause elevated aminotransferases in the absence of liver damage. Supplements such as anabolic steroids, ephedra, and LipoKinetix, amongst others, have also been associated with aminotransferase elevations. The pattern of elevation of aminotransferases is not helpful in distinguishing liver from muscle injury. Other associated muscle enzymes can be useful in making that distinction. To prevent aminotransferase elevations, subjects not accustomed to moderate-high intensity workouts, are recommended to undertake gradual increase in intensity. When causes of liver injury have been ruled out, investigation into bodybuilding, extreme exercise, and supplement use is warranted.

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Section: Preventative Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preventative Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Building and Aminotransferase Elevations: A Review

Kim¹,

Wu²

2020

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology

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“…A focused physical examination of the involved muscles, inspecting and palpating for any abnormalities such as muscle swelling, changes in skin color or sensation, and muscle strength is especially important. The definitive diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis is an increased plasma CPK level greater than five times the upper limit of normal [11]. However, using this biomarker as an indicator of ER proves to be challenging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, CPK is more stable due to its slower elimination. Therefore, CPK is a more reliable biomarker for assessing the presence and intensity of muscle damage [11,13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CrossFit-Induced Rhabdomyolysis in a Young Healthy Indonesian Male

Lawrensia¹,

Henrina²,

Cahyadi³

2021

Cureus

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CrossFit, a high-intensity interval training, keeps growing in trend and is one of the most favorable types of fitness, after wearable technology. However, an excessive workout is detrimental to the human body, particularly the muscle tissue. CrossFit is known to cause exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis, a concerning disease with potentially devastating consequences. Nevertheless, only a few case reports have described this disease, and this is the first case report of such disease in Indonesia to the best of our knowledge.A 27-year-old, previously healthy and active Indonesian male presented with dark urine and myalgia in lower extremities after 720 repetitions of squats three days before admission. His urinalysis showed +1 blood, 2-7 red blood cells/high power field (HPF), but negative protein. Laboratory results showed an increase in creatine phosphokinase (CPK) (54,250 U/L) and LDH (1,670 U/L) levels, consistent with exerciseinduced rhabdomyolysis, and serum calcium of 1.87 mmol/L, with normal serum creatinine and BUN level. He was hospitalized for two days and was treated with intravenous hydration therapy.CrossFit-induced rhabdomyolysis is a potentially devastating disease. Apart from prompt diagnosis and treatment, further research regarding the safe number of repetitions for CrossFit training, particularly for lower extremities are needed. Predictors of CrossFit-induced rhabdomyolysis must be sought throughout, and participants' awareness should be increased.

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“…2,4,5 In exertional rhabdomyolysis, the serum CK levels varied based on the intensity, modality, and duration of the exercise performed. 9 In-depth, WB-EMS workouts are considered highintensity exercises. It is performed in a short period of time and is associated with dynamic muscle activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhabdomyolysis After Implementing Whole-Body Electromyostimulation: A Case Study

Alaraifi¹,

Mustafa²

2021

J Bah Med Soc

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Whole-body electromyostimulation is a new approach used to achieve weight loss and build muscles by activating different muscles groups through voluntary contractions generated by electrical impulses. This alternative approach is operated by a certified personal trainer, regulating the intensity of the electrical impulses to aid the muscular system to contract. Unaccustomed use of this technique leads to muscle destruction and a rise in creatine kinase level. A 25-year-old female began this therapy and experienced right flank tenderness associated with elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) levels. An impression of Rhabdomyolysis in the Emergency Department was given, followed by intravenous (IV) fluid administration. The patient consequently improved and was discharged with instructions. The study was projected to spread awareness regarding Whole-body electromyostimulation, which is tremendously promoted in Bahrain. This therapy may aid in client monitoring and improve the prognosis. Keywords: Adult; Electric stimulation therapy; Muscle; Musculoskeletal physiological phenomena; Rhabdomyolysis; Weight loss

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Exertional (Exercise-Induced) Rhabdomyolysis

Abstract: Apply It! Gain a better understanding of exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER). Understand how ER can affect your clients/athletes, how to identify the signs and symptoms, and most importantly, learn how you can work to prevent it from developing.

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Body Building and Aminotransferase Elevations: A Review

Body Building and Aminotransferase Elevations: A Review

CrossFit-Induced Rhabdomyolysis in a Young Healthy Indonesian Male

Rhabdomyolysis After Implementing Whole-Body Electromyostimulation: A Case Study

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