Exercise Training in Pregnancy Reduces Offspring Size without Changes in Maternal Insulin Sensitivity

Hopkins, Sarah; Baldi, James C.; Cutfield, Wayne S.; McCowan, Lesley; Hofman, Paul L.

doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2255

Cited by 171 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although shifting the occurrence of a large for gestational age baby to a normal range has benefits for maternal outcomes, elevated birth weight is not always observed and therefore cannot always be assumed in human studies or animal models of maternal over-nutrition. Indeed, birth weight data in the above mentioned studies [24][25][26][27] and our recent review of maternal high-fat feeding and offspring development show birth weight is often similar between offspring groups or in fact lower in offspring of obese mothers compared with controls. 28 A major limitation of human studies is the degree to which a mechanistic understanding may be achieved without invasive procedures in children.…”

Section: Maternal Obesity And/over-nutrition Predisposes Offspring Tomentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Increasing attention towards interventions that may be used to improve maternal health could, therefore, impact substantially on offspring health both in the short and long term. A number of early reviews, 19,[22][23][24][25] in addition to two recent studies, 26,27 have identified altering maternal carbohydrate intake as well as maternal physical activity levels as potential strategies for positively regulating maternal weight gain and offspring birth weight among other pregnancy outcomes. However, longitudinal studies that describe the potential long-term benefits of these interventions for offspring health are lacking.…”

Section: Maternal Obesity And/over-nutrition Predisposes Offspring Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal over-nutrition and offspring obesity predisposition: targets for preventative interventions

Rooney

Ozanne

2011

Int J Obes

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Obesity now represents one of the major health care issues of the 21st century. Its prevalence has increased exponentially in both the developed and developing world during the last couple of decades. Such a rapid rise can therefore not be explained by a change in genotype, but must result from environmental factors and their interaction with our genes. There is clear evidence to show that current environmental factors such as current diet and level of physical activity can influence our risk of obesity. However, there is growing evidence to suggest that factors acting during very early life can influence long-term energy balance. One such factor that is emerging as an important player is maternal obesity and/or over-nutrition during pregnancy and lactation. Early life may therefore represent a critical period during which intervention strategies could be developed to reduce the prevalence of obesity.

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Section: Maternal Obesity And/over-nutrition Predisposes Offspring Tomentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Maternal Obesity And/over-nutrition Predisposes Offspring Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal over-nutrition and offspring obesity predisposition: targets for preventative interventions

Rooney

Ozanne

2011

Int J Obes

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“…Thus, regular aerobic exercise during pregnancy seems to lead to a small reduction in offspring birth weight when compared with the offspring of nontraining women, which could be explained by maternal hormonal alterations, the regulation of nutrient availability for fetal growth through placenta, and epigenetic processes (Hopkins et al, 2010). However, these effects on offspring growth were not associated with changes in maternal insulin sensitivity (during a healthy pregnancy) and no effects in offspring body composition were found (Hopkins et al, 2011).…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary factors, epigenetic modifications and obesity outcomes: Progresses and perspectives

Milagro

Mansego

Miguel

et al. 2013

Molecular Aspects of Medicine

252

161

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Nutritional factors play a life-long role in human health. Indeed, there is growing evidence that one of the mechanisms by which nutrients and bioactive compounds affect metabolic traits is epigenetics. Complex interactions among food components and histone modifications, DNA methylation, non-coding RNA expression and chromatin remodeling factors lead to a dynamic regulation of gene expression that controls the cellular phenotype. Although perinatal period is the time of highest phenotypic plasticity, contributing largely to developmental programming, also during adulthood there is evidence about a nutritional influence on epigenetic regulation. Similarly to type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis and other metabolic disorders, obesity predisposition and weight loss outcomes have been repeatedly associated to changes in epigenetic patterns. Different non-nutritional risk factors that usually accompany obesity seem also to be involved in these epigenetic modifications, especially hyperglycemia, inflammation, hypoxia and oxidative stress. There are currently three major objectives in epigenetic research in relation to obesity: to search for epigenetic biomarkers to predict future health problems or detect the individuals at most risk, to understand the obesity-related environmental factors that could modulate gene expression by affecting epigenetic mechanisms, and to study novel therapeutic strategies based on nutritional or pharmacological agents that can modify epigenetic marks. At this level, the major tasks are: development of robust epigenetic biomarkers of weight regulation, description of those epigenetic marks more susceptible to be modified by dietary exposures, identification of the active ingredients (and the doses) that alter the epigenome, assessment of the real importance of other obesity-related factors on epigenetic regulation, determination of the period of life in which best results are obtained, and understanding of the importance of the inheritance of these epigenetic marks.

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“…Male and female offspring of mothers who exercised during pregnancy show lower birth growth rates and reduce umbilical cord concentrations of serum IGF-1 (growth promoting factor, especially in children). 44 In women, vigorous exercise before pregnancy increases endothelial progenitor cells in umbilical cord blood, which could improve offspring cardiovascular function. 45 Lower toddler weights and weight-for-height z-scores are associated with mothers who engaged in increased leisure-time physical activity during pregnancy.…”

Section: Maternal Exercise and Offspring Metabolic Phenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homage to the ‘H’ in developmental origins of health and disease

Rosenfeld

2016

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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Abundant evidence exists linking maternal and paternal environments from pericopconception through the postnatal period to later risk to offspring diseases. This concept was first articulated by the late Sir David Barker and as such coined the Barker Hypothesis. The term was then mutated to Fetal Origins of Adult Disease and finally broadened to developmental origins of adult health and disease (DOHaD) in recognition that the perinatal environment can shape both health and disease in resulting offspring. Developmental exposure to various factors, including stress, obesity, caloric-rich diets and environmental chemicals can lead to detrimental offspring health outcomes. However, less attention has been paid to date on measures that parents can take to promote the long-term health of their offspring. In essence, have we neglected to consider the ‘H’ in DOHaD? It is the ‘H’ component that should be of primary concern to expecting mothers and fathers and those seeking to have children. While it may not be possible to eliminate exposure to all pernicious factors, prevention/remediation strategies may tip the scale to health rather than disease. By understanding disruptive DOHaD mechanisms, it may also illuminate behavioral modifications that parents can adapt before fertilization and throughout the neonatal period to promote the lifelong health of their male and female offspring. Three possibilities will be explored in the current review: parental exercise, probiotic supplementation and breastfeeding in the case of mothers. The ‘H’ paradigm should be the focus going forward as a healthy start can indeed last a lifetime.

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Exercise Training in Pregnancy Reduces Offspring Size without Changes in Maternal Insulin Sensitivity

Cited by 171 publications

References 29 publications

Maternal over-nutrition and offspring obesity predisposition: targets for preventative interventions

Maternal over-nutrition and offspring obesity predisposition: targets for preventative interventions

Dietary factors, epigenetic modifications and obesity outcomes: Progresses and perspectives

Homage to the ‘H’ in developmental origins of health and disease

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