Exercise Prevents Memory Impairment Induced by Arsenic Exposure in Mice: Implication of Hippocampal BDNF and CREB

Abstract

High concentrations of arsenic, which can be occasionally found in drinking water, have been recognized as a global health problem. Exposure to arsenic can disrupt spatial memory; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we tested whether exercise could interfere with the effect of arsenic exposure on the long-term memory (LTM) of object recognition in mice. Arsenic (0, 1, 3, and 10 mg/ kg, i.g.) was administered daily for 12 weeks. We found that arsenic at dosages of 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg decreased body weight and increased the arsenic content in the brain. The object recognition LTM (tested 24 h after training) was disrupted by 3 mg/ kg and 10 mg/ kg, but not 1 mg/ kg arsenic exposure. Swimming exercise also prevented LTM impairment induced by 3 mg/ kg, but not with 10 mg/ kg, of arsenic exposure. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (pCREB) in the CA1 and dentate gyrus areas (DG) of the dorsal hippocampus were decreased by 3 mg/ kg and 10 mg/ kg, but not by 1 mg/ kg, of arsenic exposure. The decrease in BDNF and pCREB in the CA1 and DG induced by 3 mg/ kg, but not 10 mg/ kg, of arsenic exposure were prevented by swimming exercise. Arsenic exposure did not affect the total CREB expression in the CA1 or DG. Taken together, these results indicated that swimming exercise prevented the impairment of object recognition LTM induced by arsenic exposure, which may be mediated by BDNF and CREB in the dorsal hippocampus.

Whole Body Vibration Therapy after Ischemia Reduces Brain Damage in Reproductively Senescent Female Rats

“…Several studies have shown a strong correlation between increased levels of circulating BDNF and exercises, yet no studies have shown an increase in BDNF levels with WBV. One study has shown that exercise in mice is effective at preventing a decrease in BDNF levels in the CA1 and dentate gyrus that would otherwise be caused by exposure to Arsenic [60]. It is proposed that training to volatile fatigue is the optimal way to increase circulating BDNF levels in elderly participants [61].…”

Effect of pretreatment with intracerebroventricular injection of minocycline on morphine‐induced memory impairment in passive avoidance test: Role of P‐CREB and c‐Fos expression in the dorsal hippocampus and basolateral amygdala regions

“…cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA), ERK1/2 Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase, nitric oxide pathway, histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are examples of these pathways which contribute in P‐CREB formation and thereby, memory processing . According to the previous investigations, increased phosphorylation of CREB and expression of P‐CREB in the hippocampus and the basolateral amygdala facilitate memory formation and consolidation. Moreover, Kenney et al, showed that nicotine‐induced improvement of memory is dependent on the elevation of P‐CREB expression in the hippocampus, while cannabinoids impair memory formation due to reduction of P‐CREB expression levels .…”

Whole Body Vibration Therapy after Ischemia Reduces Brain Damage in Reproductively Senescent Female Rats

“…Several studies have shown a strong correlation between increased levels of circulating BDNF and exercises, yet no studies have shown an increase in BDNF levels with WBV. One study has shown that exercise in mice is effective at preventing a decrease in BDNF levels in the CA1 and dentate gyrus that would otherwise be caused by exposure to Arsenic [ 51 ]. It is proposed that training to volatile fatigue is the optimal way to increase circulating BDNF levels in elderly participants [ 52 ].…”