Exercise for improving balance in older people

Howe, Tracey; Rochester, Lynn; Neil, Fiona; Skelton, Dawn A.; Ballinger, Claire

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004963.pub3

Cited by 421 publications

(303 citation statements)

References 257 publications

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“…Fracture risk is not only dependent upon bone density but also on postural balance. Another systematic Cochrane Review selected randomized controlled trials testing the effects of exercise on balance in older people [69]. The review found weak evidence that some types of exercise improved clinical balance in older people but there was insufficient evidence that general physical activity like walking or cycling affects balance [69].…”

Section: Physical Activity and Fracture Risks: Osteoporosis Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy aging and age-adjusted nutrition and physical fitness

Hammar

Östgren

2013

Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecol

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(154 words)The expected life span is gradually increasing worldwide. For healthy ageing there are a number of options that may be used including healthy dietary and exercise habits. To reduce or prevent obesity certain types of diet may be used that will also reduce the risk of, e.g., cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise reduces the risk of diseases like CVD, osteoporosis, some cancers and some mental disturbances. Decreasing a sedentary life style seems at least as important as regular exercise. Exercise can probably be tailored to reduce the risk of CVD and extent of bone loss. To insure adherence, it is important to slowly increase the frequency, duration and intensity of exercise and to find activities that suit the individual. More research has to be done in order to find the ideal modes and doses of exercise and to increase long-term adherence. Both dietary and exercise modification seem to be strong promoters of healthy ageing.Healthy aging and age adjusted nutrition and physical fitness Hammar M, Östgren CJ

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Section: Physical Activity and Fracture Risks: Osteoporosis Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy aging and age-adjusted nutrition and physical fitness

Hammar

Östgren

2013

Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecol

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“…The biomechanical limitations associated with aging correlate strongly with the cognitive function, muscle strength, and balance in the elderly (Horak 2006). An inactive lifestyle and the physiological changes related to aging, such as sarcopenia and the progressive decline in muscle strength, joint range of motion, reaction time, and the sensory system can lead to reduced physical performance and increased risk of falling (Borah et al 2007;Howe et al 2007). Moreover, cognitive disorders are common in the elderly and strongly associated with falls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach to Improve Cognition, Muscle Strength, and Postural Balance in Community-Dwelling Elderly with a 3-D Virtual Reality Kayak Program

Park

Yim

2016

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

101

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Aging is usually accompanied with deterioration of physical abilities, such as muscular strength, sensory sensitivity, and functional capacity. Recently, intervention methods with virtual reality have been introduced, providing an enjoyable therapy for elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a 3-D virtual reality kayak program could improve the cognitive function, muscle strength, and balance of communitydwelling elderly. Importantly, kayaking involves most of the upper body musculature and needs the balance control. Seventy-two participants were randomly allocated into the kayak program group (n = 36) and the control group (n = 36). The two groups were well matched with respect to general characteristics at baseline. The participants in both groups performed a conventional exercise program for 30 min, and then the 3-D virtual reality kayak program was performed in the kayak program group for 20 min, two times a week for 6 weeks. Cognitive function was measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Muscle strength was measured using the arm curl and handgrip strength tests. Standing and sitting balance was measured using the Good Balance system. The post-test was performed in the same manner as the pre-test; the overall outcomes such as cognitive function (p < 0.05), muscle strength (p < 0.05), and balance (standing and sitting balance, p < 0.05) were significantly improved in kayak program group compared to the control group. We propose that the 3-D virtual reality kayak program is a promising intervention method for improving the cognitive function, muscle strength, and balance of elderly.

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“…A 2011 Cochrane systematic review that included 94 randomized controlled trials concluded that certain types of exercise, such as gait, balance, coordination, and functional training, strengthening exercise, and other three-dimensional exercise programs are moderately effective in improving balance in people aged 60 years and over (Howe et al 2011). Furthermore, exercise that challenges balance plays a particularly important role in preventing falls in older people Gillespie et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balance Exercises Circuit improves muscle strength, balance, and functional performance in older women

Avelar

Costa

Safons

et al. 2016

AGE

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This study introduces the Balance Exercises Circuit (BEC) and examines its effects on muscle strength and power, balance, and functional performance in older women. Thirty-five women aged 60+ (mean age = 69.31, SD = 7.35) were assigned to either a balance exercises group (BG, n = 14) that underwent 50-min sessions twice weekly, of a 12-week BEC program, or a wait-list control group (CG, n = 21). Outcome measures were knee extensor peak torque (PT), rate of force development (RFD), balance, Timed Up & Go (TUG), 30-s chair stand, and 6-min walk tests, assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. Twenty-three participants completed follow-up assessments. Mixed analysis of variance models examined differences in outcomes. The BG displayed improvements in all measures at follow-up and significantly improved compared with CG on, isokinetic PT60, PT180 (p = 0.02), RFD (p < 0.05), balance with eyes closed (p values range .02 to <.01) and TUG (p = 0.03), all with medium effect sizes. No changes in outcome measures were observed in the CG. BEC improved strength, power, balance, and functionality in older women. The BEC warrants further investigation as a fall prevention intervention.

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Exercise for improving balance in older people

Cited by 421 publications

References 257 publications

Healthy aging and age-adjusted nutrition and physical fitness

Healthy aging and age-adjusted nutrition and physical fitness

A New Approach to Improve Cognition, Muscle Strength, and Postural Balance in Community-Dwelling Elderly with a 3-D Virtual Reality Kayak Program

Balance Exercises Circuit improves muscle strength, balance, and functional performance in older women

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