Exclusive Channel Allocation Methods Based on Four-Color Theorem in Clustering Sensor Networks

Wu, Mary; Ha, SungYong; Abdullah, Turki; Kim, Chonggun

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10774-5_10

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For example, choosing two isoforms from a repertoire of five genes permits 10 combinations, and thus 10 cellular identities. It is important to note that cells in a plane can become fully distinguishable with the exclusive expression of four different gene isoforms, according to the four color theorem ( Figure 8C ; Wu et al, 2015 ). Somewhat higher numbers are needed for cells arranged in 3-dimensional interaction networks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Families With Stochastic Exclusive Gene Choice Underlie Cell Adhesion in Mammalian Cells

Iakovlev

Faravelli

Becskei

2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Exclusive stochastic gene choice combines precision with diversity. This regulation enables most T-cells to express exactly one T-cell receptor isoform chosen from a large repertoire, and to react precisely against diverse antigens. Some cells express two receptor isoforms, revealing the stochastic nature of this process. A similar regulation of odorant receptors and protocadherins enable cells to recognize odors and confer individuality to cells in neuronal interaction networks, respectively. We explored whether genes in other families are expressed exclusively by analyzing single-cell RNA-seq data with a simple metric. This metric can detect exclusivity independently of the mean value and the monoallelic nature of gene expression. Chromosomal segments and gene families are more likely to express genes concurrently than exclusively, possibly due to the evolutionary and biophysical aspects of shared regulation. Nonetheless, gene families with exclusive gene choice were detected in multiple cell types, most of them are membrane proteins involved in ion transport and cell adhesion, suggesting the coordination of these two functions. Thus, stochastic exclusive expression extends beyond the prototypical families, permitting precision in gene choice to be combined with the diversity of intercellular interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Families With Stochastic Exclusive Gene Choice Underlie Cell Adhesion in Mammalian Cells

Iakovlev

Faravelli

Becskei

2021

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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“…This is highly reminiscent of the Pcdh proteins, in which the ratio of the expressed isoforms determined intercellular adhesion (10,47). It is important to note that cells in a plane can attain complete cellular individuality with the exclusive expression of four different gene isoforms, according to the four color theorem ( Figure 6C) (48). Somewhat higher numbers are needed for cells arranged in 3-dimensional interaction networks.…”

Section: Gene Families With Stochastic Exclusive Gene Choicementioning

confidence: 95%

Gene families with stochastic exclusive gene choice underlie cell adhesion in mammalian cells

Iakovlev

Faravelli

Becskei

2020

Preprint

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Exclusive stochastic gene choice combines precision with diversity. This regulation enables most T-cells to express exactly one T-cell receptor isoform chosen from a large repertoire, and to react precisely against diverse antigens. Some cells express two receptor isoforms, revealing the stochastic nature of this process. A similar regulation of odorant receptors and protocadherins enable cells to recognize odors and confer individuality to cells in neuronal interaction networks, respectively. We explored whether genes in other families are expressed exclusively by analyzing single cell RNA-seq data with a simple metric. Chromosomal segments and families are more likely to express genes concurrently than exclusively, possibly due to the evolutionary and biophysical aspects of shared regulation. Nonetheless, gene families with exclusive gene choice were detected in multiple cell types, most of them are membrane proteins involved in ion transport and cell adhesion, suggesting the coordination of these two functions. Thus, stochastic exclusive expression extends beyond the prototypical families, permitting precision in gene choice to be combined with the diversity of intercellular interactions.

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“…Clustering, in which the sensor network is divided into non-overlapping groups of nodes, is an effective method for achieving high levels of energy efficiency and scalability. [8][9][10][11] In clustering, each node belongs to a local cluster; the cluster head integrates the data collected from the members of the cluster, and then transmits FIGURE 1 Non-overlapping channels in an 802.11x wireless local area network (WLAN). Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) FIGURE 2 An example of indoor Wi-Fi cells it to a sink node.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoidance of channel interference in polygonal IoT networks

Zin

Kim

et al. 2017

Concurrency and Computation

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One of the popular methods studied for indoor positioning is based on Wi-Fi signal strength. But distance decisions using signal strength show not only intuitive results but also irregular results. Some sensors are used to increase the correctness of indoor positioning. Compass sensors and laser sensors were proven to be good additional methods for better positioning in a Wi-Fi-based system. The main role of Wi-Fi access points (APs) in indoor positioning is making the preliminary decision using received signal strength indicator (RSSI) signals and providing the infrastructure for communications. Sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) are almost synonymous these days. For communication between sensors, the sensors are connected to the network based on a Wi-Fi AP. The effective use of different channels among neighboring APs is a big challenge, because sensor nodes have limited power. Because of the radio frequency characteristics in wireless communication, interference and packet collisions can occur among the channels of neighboring APs. The undesirable usage of overlapping channels among neighboring APs may lead to increased energy consumption because of the resulting re-transmissions. Based on this study, overlapping channels among neighboring APs can decrease the performance of preliminary Wi-Fi-based positioning.The communication range for an AP is considered as the cell. By assigning non-overlapping channels among neighboring cells, the interference problem between channels among the APs can be resolved. In this study, a simple and straightforward, exclusive channel-allocation algorithm is proposed. It allocates exclusive channels among neighboring APs. The whole network topology based on APs can be expressed as various polygonal networks. In order to complete non-collision channel allocation, we provide 5 rules to support the proposed algorithm. The results of our experiment show that the proposed algorithm successfully assigns exclusive channels among neighboring APs using only 4 channels in a complicated polygonal network topology.

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Exclusive Channel Allocation Methods Based on Four-Color Theorem in Clustering Sensor Networks

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Gene Families With Stochastic Exclusive Gene Choice Underlie Cell Adhesion in Mammalian Cells

Gene Families With Stochastic Exclusive Gene Choice Underlie Cell Adhesion in Mammalian Cells

Gene families with stochastic exclusive gene choice underlie cell adhesion in mammalian cells

Avoidance of channel interference in polygonal IoT networks

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