Excitation Frequency Effect on Breast Cancer Cell Death by Atmospheric Pressure Cold Plasma

Investigating the characteristics of 11 kHz excitation of EFCAP and its selective effect on breast cancer cell death

“…[4,8] Therefore, the highest cell death was observed at a frequency of 11 kHz. [4] The occurrenceof cancer is a major health problem around the world, with 14,61,427 incident cases of cancer happening in India alone in 2022 [9] and the likelihood of developing cancer in one's lifetime is one in nine. [9] According to research, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women.…”

“…[1][2][3] The presence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) makes the plasma jets useful for these applications. [4][5][6] High concentrations of radicals, apt for these applications, can be produced with a simple design and without the requirement of intricate and expensive vacuum systems. Excitation frequency-controlled cold atmospheric pressure plasma (EFCAP) [7] has recently demonstrated its anticancer effects with many excitation frequencies using the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDAMB-231.…”

“…[7] A comprehensive study using different driving frequencies has demonstrated that the reactive species can be tuned by changing the frequency. [4,8] Fast switching generates a high voltage in the secondary coil of the transformer which gets applied at the interelectrode region, initiating the discharge. An extremely high voltage pulse is produced across the secondary with every falling edge of the input square pulse.…”

“…Due to this, the pulse height (∼12 kV at 11 kHz) across the secondary diminishes with an increase in excitation frequency. [4,7,8] The higher secondary voltage at a lower excitation frequency gives higher ionization and higher ROS generation. [4,8] Therefore, the highest cell death was observed at a frequency of 11 kHz.…”

“…[4,7,8] The higher secondary voltage at a lower excitation frequency gives higher ionization and higher ROS generation. [4,8] Therefore, the highest cell death was observed at a frequency of 11 kHz. [4] The occurrenceof cancer is a major health problem around the world, with 14,61,427 incident cases of cancer happening in India alone in 2022 [9] and the likelihood of developing cancer in one's lifetime is one in nine.…”