Excimer laser processing of ZnO thin films prepared by the sol–gel process

Laser surface alloying of 316L stainless steel coated with a bioactive hydroxyapatite–titanium oxide composite

“…Ti peaks are shown due to the deposition (crystallisation) of titanium oxide. These results suggest that the metal surface was fused due to the thermal effect of the laser power; the titania sol appears to be crystallised and blended with hydroxyapatite to form apatie-TiO 2 spheres which are embedded into the metal surface matrix [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]17]. This indicates that the laser energy density plays the major role for the deposited coating thickness.…”

“…The images display the variation in both morphology and composition of the surface; the EDS spectrum collected from the large particles reveal slightly higher phosphorus content than the surrounding. This is probably attributable to decomposition of some hydroxyapatite into calcium oxide under the thermal effects of the laser [6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

“…In our earliest work, CO 2 laser and Nd.YAG laser have been used to crystallise titanium oxide thin film deposited on a glass substrate [6][7]. Winfield et al [8] used excimer laser to crystallise zinc oxide thin films prepared by sol-gel technique. Starbova et al [9] investigated effects of excimer laser irradiation on the structure and performance of sol-gel titanium oxide films.…”

A comparative study of different M(M = Al, Ag, Cu)/FTO bilayer composite films irradiated with nanosecond pulsed laser

“…Laser irradiation increases the average transmittance of the as-deposited Al/FTO, Ag/FTO and Cu/FTO films from 75.3%, 63.2% and 70.7% to 78.6%, 81.5% and 80.5%, respectively. No matter what metal layers are adopted, the annealing effect caused by laser irradiation leads to an increase in grain size of the FTO layers, as indicated in XRD analysis, and thereby reduces the light scattering at the grain boundaries in the FTO layers [42]. This is mainly responsible for the improvement in transmittance of the films.…”

Improving the performance of nickel-coated fluorine-doped tin oxide thin films by magnetic-field-assisted laser annealing

“…The average transmittance of these films gradually increased from 63.4% to 81.2% with increasing laser fluence from 0.6 to 0.9 J/cm 2 and then dropped to 67.7% with a further increase in laser fluence to 1.1 J/cm 2 , displaying the same variation trend as the calculated grain size (D) value. It is well known that greater grains will result in less light scattering at grain boundaries [42], which mainly contributes to the changes in transmittance of the films. The decline in average transmittance of the ML-Ni/FTO (1.0 J/cm 2 ) and ML-Ni/FTO (1.1 J/cm 2 ) films may also be due to disorder in the lattice caused by laser ablation [24,43].…”