Excimer laser cleaning of encrustation on Pentelic marble: procedure and evaluation of the effects

Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki, P.; Zafiropulos, V.; Fotakis, C.

doi:10.1016/s0169-4332(99)00125-7

Cited by 64 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki et al 271 discussed the use and control of excimer lasers (KrF, λ = 248 nm and XeCl, λ = 308 nm) for the removal of incrustations (black crust, soildust and biological deposits) from Pentelic marble. To detect chemical composition and crust morphology, as well as to monitor the effects induced by the laser treatment, the authors used a number of surface analytical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), SEM-EDX, X-ray diffraction (XRD), LIBS and optical microscopy.…”

Section: Determination Of Marble and Marble Incrustationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Pasquini¹,

Cortez²,

Silva³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

341

195

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Esta revisão descreve os aspectos fundamentais, a instrumentação, as aplicações e tendências futuras de uma técnica analítica que se encontra em seu estágio de consolidação e que está em vias de estabelecer o seu nicho entre as técnicas espectrofotométricas modernas. A técnica é denominada Espectroscopia de Emissão em Plasma Induzido por Laser (em inglês, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS) e sua principal característica está no uso de pulsos de laser como fonte de energia para vaporizar a amostra e excitar a emissão de radiação eletromagnética, a partir de seus elementos e/ou fragmentos moleculares. A radiação emitida é analisada por meio de instrumentos ópticos de alta resolução e as suas intensidades são medidas, usualmente com detectores rápidos de estado sólido. Em conjunto, esses dispositivos permitem a geração e a medida de um espectro de emissão de faixa ampla do fenômeno induzido pelo pulso de laser. O espectro registrado contém informação qualitativa e quantitativa que pode ser correlacionada com a identidade da amostra ou empregada na determinação da quantidade de seus constituintes. Essa revisão é dividida em quatro partes. A primeira aborda aspectos históricos da técnica e os conceitos teóricos relevantes associados com LIBS; então, os aspectos práticos de diversas abordagens experimentais e instrumentais empregadas na implementação da técnica são revistos de forma crítica; as aplicações encontradas na literatura, incluindo aquelas que empregam quimiometria, são classificadas e exemplificadas por meio de trabalhos relevantes recentemente publicados. Finalmente, uma tentativa de estabelecer uma avaliação global e as perspectivas futuras para a técnica é apresentada.This review describes the fundamentals, instrumentation, applications and future trends of an analytical technique that is in its early stages of consolidation and is establishing its definitive niches among modern spectrometric techniques. The technique has been named Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and its main characteristic stands in the use of short laser pulses as the energy source to vaporize samples and excite the emission of electromagnetic radiation from its elements and/or molecular fragments. The emitted radiation is analyzed by high resolution optics and the intensities are recorded, usually by fast triggered solid state detectors. Together, these devices allow producing and registering a wide ranging emission spectrum of the short-lived phenomenon induced by the laser pulse. The spectrum contains qualitative and quantitative information which can be correlated with sample identity or can be used to determine the amount of its constituents. This review is divided in four parts. First, the relevant historical and theoretical concepts associated with LIBS are presented; then the main practical aspects of the several experimental and instrumental approaches employed for implementation of the technique are critically described; the applications related in the literature, including those making use of chemometri...

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Section: Determination Of Marble and Marble Incrustationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Pasquini¹,

Cortez²,

Silva³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

341

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast to plasma etching, laser etching is a dry process and has a better control to selectively remove the mould compound. Laser removal of surface contaminants such as polymer and oxides from Si, InP, metal, and stone has been studied extensively [23][24][25]. Laser etching of the moulding compound to expose fine whiskers from epoxy on a Cu lead surface has also been reported [26].…”

Section: Removal Moulding Compound In Microelectronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser surface micro-engineering for industrial applications in Singapore

Wang

2010

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Some recent research in laser-induced surface ripple structures, surface ablation, surface colouration, and their potential industrial applications are discussed in this article. Both wavelength and sub-wavelength periodic surface structures were observed on semiconductors such as InP and GaN/sapphire surfaces after irradiation of femtosecond laser pulses. The orientation of the periodic structures was dependant on the laser beam polarization, and the period was dependent on the incident laser fluence. Such surface periodic structures may find applications in controlling surface hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties. Excimer laser ablation of epoxy compounds from wafer level chip size packages was found to be a feasible method to expose the micron-size Au bumps for solder reflow, which is a critical process in manufacturing portable electronic products. Studies on controlled surface oxidation by laser pulses showed that a range of colours can be achieved on a stainless steel surface. Selective Cr oxidation and iron oxides were detected. The appearance of colour is the result of the light constructive interference of the transparent oxide layer and is determined by the oxide thickness and the refractive index. The potential industrial applications of the techniques are discussed. This paper discusses three areas of laser surface processing: laser-induced surface ripples, laser removal of the mould compound in microelectronics, and oxidation and analysis in laser colour marking. Potential industrial applications are discussed.

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“…FTIR has also been widely used to characterise historic mortars [Bakolas et al, 1995; Genestar and Pons, 2003;Silva et al, 2005;Biscontin et al, 2002]. FTIR spectroscopy is also very effective for the characterisation of stone surface deposits such as encrustations and patinas [Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki, 2005;Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki et al, 1999;Rampazzi et al, 2004]. FTIR was one of the techniques employed to examine an encrustation on Pentelic marble from Athens before and after laser cleaning [Maravelaki-Kalaitzaki et al, 1999].…”

Section: Stonementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Spectroscopy

2007

Analytical Techniques in Materials Conservation

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Excimer laser cleaning of encrustation on Pentelic marble: procedure and evaluation of the effects

Cited by 64 publications

References 21 publications

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser surface micro-engineering for industrial applications in Singapore

Molecular Spectroscopy

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