Exchange bias and interface-related effects in two-dimensional van der Waals magnetic heterostructures: Open questions and perspectives

Self-Modulated Magnetism in Two-Dimensional Ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 Induced by Ambient Effects

“…Conversely, when sweeping the magnetic field from −3 to 3 kOe, magnetic moments of FM 2 and FM 1 reverse to a positive direction one after another until all moments are saturated (stages iv to vi), and a complete double squareshaped hysteresis loop with −H C can be effectively depicted from stages i to vi. We have noted that the oxidized FGT phase could comprise structurally Fe 3 O 4 or a mixture of FeO and Fe 3 O 4 , which could be formed after annealing, and its coupling with nonoxidized FGT is likely to induce an exchange bias, 59,60 but whether it will form double square-shaped hysteresis loops requires further study.…”

Intrinsic exchange bias state in silicene and germanene materials EuX2

“…20 On the other hand, EB makes an operating principle of magnetic memory technologies, from spin valve readback heads to MRAM circuits. 19,20 Most of the research on 2D EB involves Fe 3 GeTe 2 (FGT), a metallic ferromagnet which is relatively easy to handle. In particular, significant EB effects have been found in heterostructures of FGT with layered transition metal antiferromagnets – FePS 3 , 21 CrCl 3 , 22 CrOCl, 23 MnPS 3 and MnPSe 3 .…”

“…Exchange bias (EB), a state manifesting itself as a shift of the hysteresis loop along the magnetic field axis, 19,20 is usually detected in heterostructures combining materials with different magnetic orders. Thus, the natural ability of layered materials to form heterostructures feeds the interest to the 2D limit of EB.…”

“…Thus, the natural ability of layered materials to form heterostructures feeds the interest to the 2D limit of EB. 20 On the other hand, EB makes an operating principle of magnetic memory technologies, from spin valve readback heads to MRAM circuits. 19,20 Most of the research on 2D EB involves Fe 3 GeTe 2 (FGT), a metallic ferromagnet which is relatively easy to handle.…”

Photocontrol of Exchange Bias Using Cobalt–Iron Prussian Blue Analogues for Applications in Spintronics

“…In the aspect of theory, the origin of EB remains an open question. Except in the system with a ferromagnetic (FM)/antiferromagnetic (AFM) interface, researchers recently found EB in various systems, and given these possible mechanisms, − for example, a comprehensive paper on EB in the van der Waals magnetic heterostructures highlighted the roles of disordered spins in inducing the EB . At the application level, the EB effect shines brightly in the field of spintronics; nowadays, the effect has been successfully used in spin-valve types of spintronic devices, including magnetoresistive heads, magnetic sensors, and magnetic random-access memories. − Therefore, its regulation in complex systems to meet diverse application needs is currently set as a research priority.…”