Excessive iodine intake in schoolchildren

Carvalho, Adriana Lelis; Meirelles, Clarissa Janson Costa de Souza; Oliveira, Luciana Alves de; Costa, Telma Maria Braga; Navarro, Anderson Marliere

doi:10.1007/s00394-011-0239-7

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Nutritional status of iodine has been evaluated using urinary iodine quantification in addition to other indirect methods, such as hormonal dosage tests and ultrasound of the thyroid (1,5,8,11). Urinary iodine (UI) represents a good indicator of the recent ingestion of iodine, as 90% of ingested iodine is expelled through the urine (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent decades, the recommended maximum fortification of salt with iodine has varied between 60mg and 100mg of iodine/kg of salt, according to evidence regarding excesses or deficiencies of iodine (5-7). Although the current limit is 60mg/kg of salt (4), in certain regions of the country, excessive levels of urinary iodine have been reported in some groups of people, such as children (8), adults who live in metropolitan areas and people who have heart conditions (1,5). However, these findings do not represent all population groups and should not be generally extrapolated to the country's population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Prevalence of iodine intake inadequacy in elderly Brazilian women. A cross-sectional study

Destefani

Corrente

Paiva

et al. 2015

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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Background/Objectives: Inadequate iodine intake is still a problem in various regions of the world, and limited data exist regarding the ingestion of iodine in elderly people. We investigated the prevalence of iodine intake inadequacy in a group of elderly women living in a region of Brazil considered to be iodinesufficient. Design and setting: Cross-sectional study conducted in the public healthcare system of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: We evaluated 135 elderly women (average age of 68.2 years) who participated in a program of assistance to the elderly with respect to iodine intake through two 24-hour recalls using a nutritional computer program. The women were also evaluated with respect to serum levels of free thyroxin (FT4) and thyrotropin (TSH) and were classified as euthyroid, hypothyroid or hyperthyroid. Results: The average iodine intake of the group was 100.7 ± 39.2 μg. Twenty-nine patients (21.5%) presented thyroid dysfunction: 27 (20%) had hypothyroidism, and two (1.5%) had hyperthyroidism. The average iodine intake of the patients with hypothyroidism and euthyroidism was 92.7 μg and 101.7 μg, respectively. The prevalence of iodine intake inadequacy, considering the co-variables of age, race, income, body mass index, TSH, FT4 and arterial hypertension, was 51%, 48% and 66% in the general, euthyroid and hypothyroid patients, respectively. Conclusion: We concluded that high prevalence of iodine intake inadequacy was present in this group of elderly women living in a region of Brazil considered to be iodine-sufficient.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Prevalence of iodine intake inadequacy in elderly Brazilian women. A cross-sectional study

Destefani

Corrente

Paiva

et al. 2015

The Journal of nutrition, health and aging

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“…Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que la mediana de yoduria disminuye conforme se incrementa la edad de los escolares, esto difiere de lo reportado por Carvalho et al, que refieren que la mediana de yoduria aumenta con la edad; una posible explicación seria que, en Brasil, la concentración de yodo en sal es 20 a 60 mg/kg (17) mientras que, en Perú, la concentración de yodo en sal es 30 a 40 mg/kg. La mediana de yoduria en Lima Metropolitana presentó niveles mayores a los recomendados por la OMS (311,5ug/L) mientras que la menor concentración de yoduria se presentó en la selva (216,9 ug/L).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Yoduria y concentración de yodo en sal de consumo en escolares peruanos del nivel primario

Tarqui-Mamani¹,

Alvarez-Dongo

Fernández-Tinco

2016

Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica

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RESUMENObjetivos. Determinar la yoduria y concentración de yodo sal de consumo en escolares peruanos del nivel primario. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal. Se incluyó 8023 escolares del nivel primario, que participaron voluntariamente. Se realizó un muestreo probabilístico, multietápico y estratificado, la selección se realizó por muestreo sistemático. La determinación de yoduria se realizó por espectrofotometría (método de Sandell-Kolthoff) y la evaluación de yodo en sal se realizó por volumetría. El procesamiento de datos se realizó mediante análisis para muestras complejas con factor de ponderación. Se calculó medianas, percentiles e intervalos de confianza, se usó la prueba de U Mann Whitney y Kruskall Wallis cuando correspondía. Resultados. A nivel nacional, la mediana de yoduria en los escolares fue 258,53 ug/L, siendo mayor en los varones (265,90 ug/L) que en las mujeres (250,77 ug/L). La mediana de yoduria en el área urbana fue mayor (289,89 ug/L) que en el área rural (199,67 ug/L), mientras que en los colegios privados fue 315,48 ug/L y en los públicos fue 241,56 ug/L (p<0,001). La mediana de yodo en sal fue 28,69 mg/kg. El 23,1% de las muestras de sal, tuvieron menos de 15 mg/kg de yodo. Conclusiones. La mediana de yoduria en los escolares del nivel primario presenta niveles superiores a las necesarias, según lo recomendado por la OMS, con diferencias entre la zona urbana y rural, y colegios públicos y privados.

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“…While the Southeast region has been recognized as an iodine sufficient area, differences were also detected between states from the same region (Minas Gerais vs. São Paulo). In São Paulo, there is a rising concern regarding the excessive iodine exposure and predisposition to thyroid autoimmune diseases (Table 2) (29,33,36,40). In contrary, in the state of Minas Gerais, few studies have reported increased IDD prevalence, especially in children and adolescents from low-income populations (Table 2) (37,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine nutritional status in Brazil: a meta-analysis of all studies performed in the country pinpoints to an insufficient evaluation and heterogeneity

Campos

Barreto

Maia

et al. 2015

Arch. Endocrinol. Metab.

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Objectives: Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is the result of an inadequate dietary intake of iodine, which physiological consequences are endemic goiter and thyroid dysfunction. The objective of this study was to a analyze studies that assessed the status of Brazil's population iodine nutrition and IDD prevalence. Materials and methods: Systematic review using PRISMA statement. Electronic database: PubMed, Medline, SciELO and Lilacs. Quality of studies: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Metaanalysis was carried out with R Core Team Statistical Software, version 3.1.0 (2014). The summary measure (WMD) and its confidence interval (CI) of 95% were calculated. The "Funnel plot" graph assessed publication bias and heterogeneity. Results: Seventeen papers were eligible: pregnant women (2), school children (9), adults/elderly (4) and preschool children/infants (2). Geographic distribution: North (1), Northeast (1), Midwest (2), Southeast (13), South (3). Twenty-three thousand two hundred seventy-two subjects were evaluated between 1997 and 2013 and all have use urinary iodine (UI) measurement. However, only 7 studies could be included in meta-analysis, all from Southeast region. The overall prevalence of IDD in school children in southeast region was 15.3% (95% CI, 13-35%), however this data had an important heterogeneity, expressed by the I² Statistic of 99.5%. Conclusion: Only few studies have been performed and enrolled populations from south/southeast region of Brazil. The actual IDD prevalence analysis is complex because it was detected bias due influence of individual studies and very high heterogeneity. IDD might still be high in some areas but this remained unknown even after this meta-analysis evaluation. The generation of a national program for analysis of iodine status in all regions is urgently required. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2015;59(1):13-22

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Excessive iodine intake in schoolchildren

Abstract: The results show that the iodine nutritional status of the schoolchildren studied is characterized by a high urinary iodine excretion, which might reveal an increase in iodine consumption by this population.

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

Prevalence of iodine intake inadequacy in elderly Brazilian women. A cross-sectional study

Prevalence of iodine intake inadequacy in elderly Brazilian women. A cross-sectional study

Yoduria y concentración de yodo en sal de consumo en escolares peruanos del nivel primario

Iodine nutritional status in Brazil: a meta-analysis of all studies performed in the country pinpoints to an insufficient evaluation and heterogeneity

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