Examining the Paracrine Effects of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Disease and Repair

Gartz, Melanie; Strande, Jennifer L.

doi:10.1161/jaha.117.007954

Cited by 72 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(203 reference statements)

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“…Exosomes, which range from 30 to 150 nm in size, are EVs that are active in cell-to-cell communication, functioning as mediators of intercellular signaling in the heart [12]. Exosomes are released from several cardiac cell types, including cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells [13]. Exosomes transfer proteins and nucleic acids through direct cell contact and also affect cell communication via long-range signaling [14].…”

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confidence: 99%

The Role of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiac Cell Death

Bell

Jones

Crenshaw

et al. 2019

Biology

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Exosomes play a crucial role in the progression of infectious diseases, as exosome release and biogenesis are affected by external factors, such as pathogenic infections. Pyrogens may aide in the progression of diseases by triggering inflammation, endothelial cell injury, and arterial plaque rupture, all of which can lead to acute coronary disease, resulting in cardiac tissue death and the onset of a cardiac event (CE). To better understand the effects of Gram-negative bacterial infections on exosome composition and biogenesis, we examined exosome characteristics after treatment of AC16 human cardiomyocytes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which served as a model system for Gram-negative bacterial infection. Using increasing doses (0, 0.1, 1, or 10 µg) of LPS, we showed that treatment with LPS substantially altered the composition of AC16-derived exosomes. Both the relative size and the quantity (particles/mL) of exosomes were decreased significantly at all tested concentrations of LPS treatment compared to the untreated group. In addition, LPS administration reduced the expression of exosomal proteins that are related to exosomal biogenesis. Conversely, we observed an increase in immunomodulators present after LPS administration. This evaluation of the impact of LPS on cardiac cell death and exosome composition will yield new insight into the importance of exosomes in a variety of physiological and pathological processes as it relates to disease progression, diagnosis, and treatment.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiac Cell Death

Bell

Jones

Crenshaw

et al. 2019

Biology

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“…However, one study reported that 20 miRNAs were significantly upregulated in unstable angina (UA) patients and that they mainly targeted NGF signalling pathways, opposite to our results. This discrepancy might be due to the different study subjects (UA vs. AMI), the specific exosomal miRNAs participating in the pathologic process of AMI, or negative feedback regulation in which the exosomes transferred the signal of cardiac injury to other cells by miRNAs . Therefore, we need to investigate the underlying mechanism of NGF on AMI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This discrepancy might be due to the different study subjects (UA vs. AMI), the specific exosomal miRNAs participating in the pathologic process of AMI, or negative feedback regulation in which the exosomes transferred the signal of cardiac injury to other cells by miRNAs. 45 Therefore, we need to investigate the underlying mechanism of NGF on AMI. In addition, FGFs play crucial roles in cardiac remodelling as cardiomyokines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomal miRNAs as potential biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction

et al. 2019

IUBMB Life

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microRNAs (miRNAs) can be used as biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, few reports have focused on the value of exosomal miRNAs in the mechanism of the pathophysiological process from stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) to AMI. Exosomes were isolated via ultracentrifugation after serum samples were collected. The exosomes were then identified by transmission electron microscopy, western blotting, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The differential expression of miRNAs in exosomes from six AMI and six matching SCAD patients was screened using the Agilent Human miRNA Microarray Kit. Target genes of the candidate miRNAs were predicted via an online miRNA database, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. Further validation was conducted through quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction with 60 exosome samples. The expression of 13 miRNAs was significantly downregulated in the AMI samples compared with the SCAD samples. In addition, we identified various target genes that are mainly involved in the pathways of cardiac rehabilitation and remodelling. Validation of the expression of candidate miRNAs indicated that exosomal miR‐1915‐3p, miR‐4,507, and miR‐3,656 were significantly less expressed in AMI samples than in SCAD samples, and area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristic curve (AUC) analysis showed that the expression of these miRNAs resulted in good predictive accuracy [miR‐1915‐3p (AUC: 0.772); miR‐4,507 (AUC: 0.684); and miR‐3,656 (AUC: 0.771)], suggesting that these serum exosomal miRNAs might be predictive for AMI at an early stage. Hence, exosomal miRNAs might play an important role in the pathophysiology of AMI and could serve as diagnostic biomarkers.

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“…A standardized/optimal method of isolating and purifying exosomes from cells of interest is yet to be achieved [7,45]. It has been suggested that the capacity for CPCs to heal the damaged myocardium may be related to exosomal signalling [17,46].…”

Section: Unanswered Questions -A Summary Of Areas Where More Study Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, intercellular signalling may play a vital role in stem cell implantation. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles which constitute a key component of stem cell therapy, which is a form of paracrine signalling, where the exosomes transport key molecules from donor to recipient cells [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, Resident Progenitor Cells and the role of Cellular Signalling; a Review

Hutchings

Nawrocki

Mozdziak

et al. 2019

Medical Journal of Cell Biology

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the most common cause of death worldwide. Unhealthy lifestyle choices promote an upward trend of primary risk factors for CVD. As a result, novel methods of treatment are required. The myocardium itself could serve as a source of treatment, via resident cardiac progenitor cells (CPC). A brief overview of current studies and findings related to the potential of differentiation of CPCs to form mature cardiomyocytes (CM) and thereby heal damaged myocardial tissue, as well as implications of these findings for further research areas and possible treatments, is offered. Also investigated is the possible role of CM cell reprogramming, cardiac fibroblasts and signalling molecules in treatment of CVD. Running title: Cardiac stem cells -review

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Examining the Paracrine Effects of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Disease and Repair

Cited by 72 publications

References 101 publications

The Role of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiac Cell Death

The Role of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiac Cell Death

Exosomal miRNAs as potential biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction

Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy, Resident Progenitor Cells and the role of Cellular Signalling; a Review

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