Evolutionary trends in the lipid biomarker approach for investigating the biogeochemistry of organic matter in the marine environment

Saliot, A.; Laureillard, J.; Scribe, P.; Sicre, Marie‐Alexandrine

doi:10.1016/s0304-4203(09)90064-0

Cited by 108 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Lipids can be used as source indicators through investigation of various marker series (28) or by considering the relative abundance of lipid classes (20,27,29). Lipid classes reveal contributions from living organisms (PL), metabolic reserves (TG) and breakdown products from freshly synthesized OM (MG, DG and FFA).…”

Section: Lipid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Characterization of Natural andex-SituReconstructed Sea-Surface Microlayers

Gašparović

Kozarac

Saliot

et al. 1998

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Running title: Sea-surface microlayers 2 Chemical composition and physico-chemical characteristics of natural and ex-situ reconstructed sea surface microlayer samples were studied using a complex methodological approach. Surface microlayer samples and the underlying seawater were collected in different seasons and different weather conditions in the northern most part of the Adriatic sea. The techniques used were thin layer chromatography with flame ionization detection for lipid classes analysis, electrochemical characterization of adsorbable organic substances using the ONP probe and monolayer techniques for surface pressure () and surface potential ( V) measurements, as well as Brewster angle microscopy.Our results indicated higher enrichment of organic matter for the microlayer sample collected in the warm period of the year (summer). This was reflected in the high surface activity of the present organic substances, and formation of a more condensed layer than for the other two samples collected in the spring. Of the two spring samples, the one sampled on a sunny day was reacher in surface active organic material. We concluded that the most important source of surface active substances is the insitu production of organic susbtances by the present plankton and bacteria, promoted by sunlight, while antrophogenic input comprises a smaller part of the present organic matter, around 10 % for all samples.Key Words: sea-surface microlayer; lipid analysis; o-nitrophenol; surface active organic substances; voltammetry; monolayer studies; Brewster angle microscopy; northern Adriatic. 3 INTRODUCTIONSea surface microlayer is an important boundary, as an area of exchange of matter and energy, that either affects or is affected by global change (1, 2). Sea surface layer is generally enriched in organic substances, particularly those which are surface active, metal ions, bacteria and other microorganisms, relative to subsurface water (3-5). Organic substances found in the microlayer originate from the in-situ production or from different sources and have been brought there by different transport mechanisms from the seawater bulk, atmosphere or land. Adsorbed organic substances change the physical and optical properties, depending on the nature of organics, i.e. the nature of polar groups, architecture of the hydrophobic chain, and ionic strength, pH and temperature.Although the physical and chemical properties of the sea-surface microlayer have been studied extensively, there is still lack of knowledge about the physico-chemical processes governing the formation and properties of the surface microlayer.Electrochemical methods have been widely used for the investigation of surface active substances (SAS) in different waters (6 -9). These methods are based on the principle that organic substances adsorbed on the electrode surface influence the mass and charge transport across such a modified phase boundary. The recently developed electrochemical method using the o-nitrophenol (ONP) probe as a convenient tool for rough char...

show abstract

Section: Lipid Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Characterization of Natural andex-SituReconstructed Sea-Surface Microlayers

Gašparović

Kozarac

Saliot

et al. 1998

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The fatty acid composition of animals reflects that of their diets and has served as a qualitative biomarker in food-web analyses (Saliot et al 1991;Napolitano et al 1997;Dalsgaard et al 2003). In particular, essential fatty acids, which animals cannot synthesize and must necessarily ingest with their diets, can be good biomarkers (Watanabe et al 1983;Sargent et al 1999;Southgate and Kavanagh 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food habits of the farmer damselfishStegastes nigricansinferred by stomach content, stable isotope, and fatty acid composition analyses

Hata

Umezawa

2011

Ecological Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This content has not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere in any language, and all authors have contributed significantly, and are in agreement with the content of the manuscript. 2 AbstractThe territorial damselfish, Stegastes nigricans, maintains algal farms by excluding invading herbivores and weeding unpalatable algae from its territories. In Okinawa, Japan, S. nigricans farms are exclusively dominated by Polysiphonia sp., a highly digestible filamentous rhodophyte. This study was aimed at determining the diet of S.nigricans in Okinawa and its dependency on these almost-monoculture algal farms based on stomach contents and chemical analyses. Stomach content analyses revealed that all available food items in the algal farms (i.e., algae, benthic animal inhabitants, trapped detritus) were contained in fish stomachs, but amorphous organic matter accounted for 68% of the contents. Therefore, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios and fatty acid (FA) compositions were analyzed to trace items actually assimilated in their bodies. Stable isotope analyses showed that benthic animals were an important food source even for this farmer fish. Two essential FAs (EFA), 20:4n6 and 20:5n3, which are produced only by rhodophytes among available food items, were rich in the muscle tissue of S. nigricans as well as in algal mats and detritus, suggesting that algal mats contribute EFAs to S. nigricans directly and indirectly through the food web. In conclusion, S. nigricans ingested algal mats, detritus and benthic animals maintained within its farm. Algae and detritus were original sources of EFAs, and benthic animals, which were much more abundant in the farms than in outside territories, provided a nitrogen-rich dietary source for the fish.

show abstract

“…The role of polysaccharides is commonly recognized in extensive mucilage events (Marchetti et a1 1989, Murano et al 1993, Faganeli et al 1995. The lipid classes of the mucilage were also analyzed since only fatty acids had been analyzed so far (Viviani et al 1995) Lipids are useful to describe the status of mucus aggregates and they can provide an insight into biogeochemical processes (Wakeham & Lee 1989, Saliot et al 1991. Lipid partitioning was also used to support microscope observations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell lysis and release of particulate polysaccharides in extensive marine mucilage assessed by lipid biomarkers and molecular probes

Baldi¹,

Minacci²,

Saliot³

et al. 1997

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT-During the massive mucllage event in the northern Adriatic Sea in July 1991 samples of macroaggregate were fixed in different ways: with formaldehyde, deep frozen and freeze-dried. Conventional microscopy (light and epifluorescence) revealed different autotrophic species embedded in gelatinous matl-ix. Cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria were also identified. Scanning confocal laser microscopy (SCLMI and fluorescent m o l e c~~l a r probes (the lectins concanavalin A and UEA-I) showed wall-free cytoplasm and particulate polysacchar~des leaklng from the envelopes of broken cells in the matrix. The extensive cell lysis was supported by the observation of cytoplasn1-free cytoskeletons, stained by the molecular probe phalloidin High concentrations of triglycerides (30Y0 of total lipids) and free fatty aclds (22'2%) along with very low concentrations of phospholipids ( 2 % ) also indicated massive cell degradation in freeze-dried material. The mucllage observations were compared with those of a natural plankton community grown under hlgh nutrlent conditions using the same techniques. Free polysaccharides were observed as globular flocs (marine snow) during in situ enrichment experiments and inti-acellular polysaccharides as carbon storage materials In autotrophic organisms. No strings, filaments, layers, cell lysis or lipid classes indicating strong cell biodeterioration were observed in a 1 mo controlled experiment during a n algal bloom.

show abstract

Evolutionary trends in the lipid biomarker approach for investigating the biogeochemistry of organic matter in the marine environment

Cited by 108 publications

References 61 publications

Physicochemical Characterization of Natural andex-SituReconstructed Sea-Surface Microlayers

Physicochemical Characterization of Natural andex-SituReconstructed Sea-Surface Microlayers

Food habits of the farmer damselfishStegastes nigricansinferred by stomach content, stable isotope, and fatty acid composition analyses

Cell lysis and release of particulate polysaccharides in extensive marine mucilage assessed by lipid biomarkers and molecular probes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About