Evolutionary origin and functioning of pregenital abdominal outgrowths in a viviparous insect, Arixenia esau

Tworzydło, Wacław; Jaglarz, Mariusz K.; Pardyak, Laura; Bilińska, Barbara; Biliński, S

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-52568-w

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…One reason is that several essential structures develop from these proximal leg segments, such as the respiratory system (the spiracle and tracheae) 2,47,48 as well as various exocrine glands like defensive scent glands 49 and oenocytes 2 , which perform lipid processing, pheromone secretion, and developmental signaling 50 . In addition to these essential structures, many other useful structures are also carried on this leg-derived abdominal body wall, including tergal plates, gin traps 51 , knob-like pupal support structures 52 , dorsal "umbilical cord"-like structures in embryos of viviparous earwigs 53 , rod-like sensory organs in certain hemipterans 54 , and larval gills 15,55 (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic Persistence of Truncated Abdominal Legs in Insects Enabled Diverse Outgrowths with Novel Functions

Bruce¹,

Patel²

2023

Preprint

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An iconic feature of insects is the apparent lack of legs on the abdomen, which is believed to be due to the repression of the leg-patterning gene Distalless (Dll) by abdominal Hox genes. However, in contrast to these molecular observations, it is not widely appreciated that the embryos of most insect groups do in fact form paired protrusions on most abdominal segments that appear to be homologous to the thoracic legs. However, these degenerate before hatching to form the abdominal body wall. To resolve this discordance between molecular and morphological observations, the expression patterns of pannier and araucan, genes known to distinguish proximal leg segments in all arthropods, are examined in embryos of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. In Tribolium embryos, all pregenital abdominal segments develop leg-like paired protrusions, and the stripes of pannier and araucan expression that delineate the proximal leg segments of the thorax are also expressed in the same configuration around these abdominal protrusions. This suggests that insect abdominal legs are homologous to only the proximal portion of the thoracic legs, which in insect adults forms the body wall (lateral tergum and pleura). These cryptic, truncated abdominal legs – likely inherited from their crustacean ancestors – appear to be an important wellspring for new functions in insects, such as caterpillar prolegs, gills, and structures for camouflage16 and aposematic warning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic Persistence of Truncated Abdominal Legs in Insects Enabled Diverse Outgrowths with Novel Functions

Bruce¹,

Patel²

2023

Preprint

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Spectacular alterations in the female reproductive system during the ovarian cycle and adaptations for matrotrophy in chernetid pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae)

Garbiec

Christophoryová

Jędrzejowska

2022

Sci Rep

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Pseudoscorpions are small matrotrophic chelicerates. The embryos develop in a brood sac and feed on the nutritive fluid provided by the female. It was widely accepted that the nutritive fluid is synthesized in the ovary. Recent studies have shown that in Chelifer cancroides, a representative of Cheliferidae, considered one of the most derived pseudoscorpion families, the nutritive fluid is produced not only in the ovary but also in the oviducts. Since evolution of adaptations for matrotrophy in pseudoscorpions is poorly known, we aimed to verify our hypothesis that pseudoscorpions of the family Chernetidae, closely related to Cheliferidae, share the traits of adaptations to matrotrophy in the structure and function of the female reproductive system with C. cancroides. We analysed the structure of the ovary and oviducts in five representatives of chernetids with light, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy. The results confirmed our hypothesis and provided new data which broaden our knowledge of matrotrophic pseudoscorpions. We show that in chernetids, the ovary and oviducts undergo significant alterations including their size, multistep hypertrophy and polyploidization of the epithelial cells involved in secretion of the nutritive fluid, the complex secretory activity of the epithelial cells, massive degeneration of the epithelial cells that have completed secretion, and epithelium renewal.

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Development and reproductive biology of Dermaptera: a comparative study of thirteen species from eight families

Shimizu,

Machida

2024

ASP

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We examine and describe the embryonic development of 13 species from eight families of Dermaptera, i.e., all families excluding Karschiellidae, Hemimeridae, and Arixeniidae: Diplatys flavicollis (Diplatyidae), Cranopygia sp., Echinosoma sp., and Parapsalis infernalis (Pygidicranidae), Apachyus chartaceus (Apachyidae), Anisolabis maritima and Euborellia pallipes (Anisolabididae), Labidura riparia (Labiduridae), Forficula scudderi and Anechura harmandi (Forficulidae), Paralabella curvicauda (Spongiphoridae), and Proreus simulans and chelisochid gen. sp. (Chelisochidae). We also provide new findings on the reproductive biology of the Pygidicranidae and the postembryonic development of the Apachyidae. Based on information from the present and previous studies, we reconstruct the developmental and reproductive-biological groundplan for Dermaptera and discuss phylogenetic issues related to this order. We confirmed that Dermaptera possesses the embryological features (related to mode of embryonic formation and manner of blastokinesis) that are regarded as autapomorphies of Polyneoptera. Eudermaptera is characterized by the extraordinarily great length of the embryo which attains its maximum length in anatrepsis period, the positioning of its posterior end at the egg’s anterior ventral side, the type of egg tooth, and four larval instars. Anisolabididae, Labiduridae, and Eudermaptera share an elongation ratio of embryos in the anatrepsis period (ERE) of 160% or less and a larval instar number of five or less, whereas Protodermaptera is characterized by an ERE of 210% or more, a ratio of embryonic primordium relative to the egg’s longitudinal circumference (IL) of 40% or less, and a larval instar number of six or more. Notably, the ERE, IL, and larval instar number of Apachyidae are within the ranges observed in Protodermaptera.

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Evolutionary origin and functioning of pregenital abdominal outgrowths in a viviparous insect, Arixenia esau

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Cryptic Persistence of Truncated Abdominal Legs in Insects Enabled Diverse Outgrowths with Novel Functions

Cryptic Persistence of Truncated Abdominal Legs in Insects Enabled Diverse Outgrowths with Novel Functions

Spectacular alterations in the female reproductive system during the ovarian cycle and adaptations for matrotrophy in chernetid pseudoscorpions (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae)

Development and reproductive biology of Dermaptera: a comparative study of thirteen species from eight families

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