Evolution of vowel production studies and observation techniques.

From articulatory phonetics to the physics of speech: Contribution of Chiba and Kajiyama.

“…The current paper is largely dependent upon the bibliographical and field research done by the present author and Kiyoshi Honda upon the background of The Vowel [10]. Lastly, [12] will help readers to understand the issues discussed in The Vowel.…”

Constructing a Physiological Equivalent of the Cantonese Vowel Quadrilateral Using Electromagnetic Articulography (EMA)

“…Although Jones (1972) claimed that the highest tongue position of the four cardinal vowels /i/, /ae/, /a/, and /u/ observed from x-ray images resembled that of the traditional vowel chart, Russell (1928Russell ( , 1929 found that the x-ray images of tongue position during vowel production did not match the perceptually developed vowel chart. In reviewing a number of vowel production studies, Honda (2002) questioned the validity of the traditional vowel chart after comparing it with data obtained from x-ray examinations of tongue position during vowel production. There appeared to be a discrepancy between the traditional vowel chart and actual tongue position of various vowels.…”

Princípios Fundamentais Da Produção De Vogais Segundo a Teoria Acústica De Produção Da Fala

“…Os primeiros passos em direção à construção de um modelo de fonte e filtro para a produção vocálica foram propostos por Müller, ainda na década de 1840 (HONDA, 2002). Seus sucessores foram capazes, após desdobramentos da pesquisa original, de produzir vogais sintéticas com a ajuda de diapasões e ressonadores.…”