Evolution of the temporal structure of world high competition judo combat (2013 a 2017)

Abstract

<div><p>Judo is a sport that is constantly evolving. Rule modifications and changes in tactical strategies have enhanced scoring opportunities and reduced penalties. This study analyzed the evolution of the temporal structure of combat through an assessment of the total match time (TMT), time engaged in combat (CT), time without (TWOG) and with grip (TWG), pause time (PT), the percentage of combat time in <em>tachi-waza</em> and combat in <em>ne-waza</em>, and the frequency of combat/tactical/technical actions/tasks. Data were descriptively analyzed overtime during the 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2017 World Championships and the 2016 Olympic Games. Data from 3,084 male and female matches across weight and gender categories were collapsed and used to compare the TMT, CT, TWOG, TWG, PT, and frequency of tactical actions over time and by competition phase (i.e., qualifiers, quarterfinals, recaps, semi-finals, bronze and finals). There were several temporal changes that occurred due to the rules modifications. The TMT increased by 3.6% over the sampling period for all competition phases. Regarding the duration of combat activities, relative to TMT: 25% was spent in PT (<em>M</em> PT = 8.9 s); 36% (<em>M</em> TWG = 9.6 s) was spent in TWG; 25% (<em>M</em> = 7.3 s) was spent in TWOG; 15% was spent in <em>ne-waza </em>(<em>M</em> = 7.7 s per action). With the changes of the rules in 2017, there was a Golden Point Score increase of 25% in the total number of combat; in relation to the competition phase, there was a 50% increase in the total number of combat activities. There was also a 15% increase in the number of actions in the competition final phase. There was some variation of the time structure of the combat, namely in the total time of the fighting and Golden Point, as a consequence of the change of the Referee rule changes.</p></div>

When and How a Judo Contest Ends: Analysis of Scores, Penalties, Rounds and Temporal Units in 2018, 2019 and 2021 World Championships

“…The analysis of the TU-GS length (seconds) showed no significant differences from WC18 to WC21 (only for men when both sexes were analysed separately). Some studies have found a longer duration of the contest between 2013 and 2017 due to the change in rules [26]. It was also explained by the reduction from 5 m to 4 m of regular time since the length of GS increased by 3.6% despite the reduction of total regular time [26].…”

Sport Performance Analysis with a Focus on Racket Sports: A Review

“…Player's performance analysis during the game (match analysis that includes stroke position, ball movement, match sequence, and player's substitutions) is covered in detail in: Pereira et al [19], Michael et al [20], Caballero et al [21], Slawson et al [22], Belli et al [23], Gal et al [24]. Some of the authors, such as Tromp and Holmes [25], Monteiro et al [26], Franchini et al [27], Gimenez-Egido et al [12], García-de Alcaraz et al [28] and Ortega-Toro et al [29], attempt to provide a solution for estimating the impact on performance after rule changes, process model analysis by presenting a solution as an example. The approaches to team analysis are discussed in detail by a number of authors.Young et al [30], Ortega et al [31], Travassos et al [32], Korte and Lames [33], Clemente et al [34] and Laporta et al [35] discussed a social network analysis.…”

Behavior of female judo weight divisions on approach and grip phases in different judo rules: The top 20 athletes from the 2016 and 2020 Olympic cycles

“…In judo combat, the actions carried out during the time interval between the fighters' approach and the establishment of a grip in the judogi (judo uniform) are pivotal for subsequent actions and determining victory [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] ]. Moreover, the approach and gripping phases across various Olympic cycles consume a significant portion of combat time [ [5] , [6] , [7] ].…”

“…In a sample of 150 international male and female judo matches from 2010, 59.3 % of effort sequences were comprised of time devoted to grip attempts or successful gripping [ 7 ]. In international championships for both male and female judo from 2013 to 2017, non-grip actions accounted for 25 % of the time spent in combat, while gripping actions made up 36 % [ 6 ]. During matches in the 2016 Olympic cycle, the time dedicated to the approach and gripping phases equaled 39.3 % and 39.9 % of the total combat time, respectively.…”

“…This temporal variation is likely connected to rule changes occurring in the respective Olympic cycles. Indeed, several studies have indicated that alterations in judo rules generally lead to shifts in athletes' competitive behaviors [ [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] ]. Starting in 2015, judogi sleeves were required to cover the entire arm, including the wrist, and the standard female match duration was reduced from 5 to 4 min [ 10 , 11 ].…”