“…However, with the emergence of Ecological Evolutionary Developmental Biology (EcoEvo-Devo), we are now in a position to experimentally address this question (5,11). Eco-Evo-Devo studies on butterfly eyespots (11), plate armor on three-spine stickleback fish (12), supersoldier ants (13), pigmentation in mice (14), male antennae in water striders (15), and now sex combs in flies (6), highlight the inextricable interplay between developmental constraints and selection during evolution.…”