Evidence that adaptation of suppression cannot account for auditory enhancement or enhanced forward masking

Wright, Beverly A.; McFadden, Dennis

doi:10.1098/rstb.1992.0065

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Viemeister and Bacon [5] found that enhancing a target tone increases its forward masking of a subsequent signal. This finding, replicated several times [6], [26], [27], indicates that exposure to the precursor causes an increase in the effective level of the target tone. This increase in the effective level of the target tone has been interpreted as the consequence of a reduction in the inhibition that the adapted background components would exert on the target tone (adaptation of inhibition hypothesis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

No Need for Templates in the Auditory Enhancement Effect

2013

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The audibility of a target tone in a multitone background masker is enhanced by the presentation of a precursor sound consisting of the masker alone. There is evidence that precursor-induced neural adaptation plays a role in this perceptual enhancement. However, the precursor may also be strategically used by listeners as a spectral template of the following masker to better segregate it from the target. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis by measuring the audibility of a target tone in a multitone masker after the presentation of precursors which, in some conditions, were made dissimilar to the masker by gating their components asynchronously. The precursor and the following sound were presented either to the same ear or to opposite ears. In either case, we found no significant difference in the amount of enhancement produced by synchronous and asynchronous precursors. In a second experiment, listeners had to judge whether a synchronous multitone complex contained exactly the same tones as a preceding precursor complex or had one tone less. In this experiment, listeners performed significantly better with synchronous than with asynchronous precursors, showing that asynchronous precursors were poorer perceptual templates of the synchronous multitone complexes. Overall, our findings indicate that precursor-induced auditory enhancement cannot be fully explained by the strategic use of the precursor as a template of the following masker. Our results are consistent with an explanation of enhancement based on selective neural adaptation taking place at a central locus of the auditory system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

No Need for Templates in the Auditory Enhancement Effect

2013

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“…In the above mentioned studies, frequency discrimination involves presentation of multiple tones separated by short durations (300~350 ms) of silence. The forward masking effect between sequential tones ( (Harris and Dallos, 1979;McFadden and Wright, 1987;Wright and McFadden, 1992;Calford and Semple, 1995;Brosch and Schreiner, 1997;Tai and Zador, 2002;Wehr and Zador, 2005)) also has to be considered in addition to any attentional manipulation one would like to study using these paradigm.…”

Section: Two-tone Discrimination Behavior In Ratsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Mechanisms of Selective Auditory Attention in Rats (Dissertation)

Tai

Zador

2008

Nature Precedings

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of the Dissertation Neural Mechanisms of Selective Auditory Attention in Rats by Lung-Hao Tai Doctor of Philosophy in Neuroscience Stony Brook University 2008How does attention modulate sensory representations? In order to probe the underlying neural mechanisms, we established a simple rodent model of modality-specific attention. Rats were trained to perform distinct auditory two-tone discrimination and olfactory odor discrimination in a two alternative choice (2AC) paradigm.To determine auditory cortex's role in this frequency discrimination task, we used GABA-A receptor agonist muscimol to transiently and reversibly inactivate auditory cortexes bilaterally in rats performing simple interleaved auditory and olfactory discrimination. With olfactory discrimination performance serving as internal control for motivation and decision making capability, we found only auditory two-tone

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The Auditory Enhancement Effect is Not Reflected in the 80-Hz Auditory Steady-State Response

Carcagno

Plack

Portron

et al. 2014

JARO

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The perceptual salience of a target tone presented in a multitone background is increased by the presentation of a precursor sound consisting of the multitone background alone. It has been proposed that this "enhancement" phenomenon results from an effective amplification of the neural response to the target tone. In this study, we tested this hypothesis in humans, by comparing the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) to a target tone that was enhanced by a precursor sound with the ASSR to a target tone that was not enhanced. In order to record neural responses originating in the brainstem, the ASSR was elicited by amplitude modulating the target tone at a frequency close to 80 Hz. The results did not show evidence of an amplified neural response to enhanced tones. In a control condition, we measured the ASSR to a target tone that, instead of being perceptually enhanced by a precursor sound, was acoustically increased in level. This level increase matched the magnitude of enhancement estimated psychophysically with a forward masking paradigm in a previous experimental phase. We found that the ASSR to the tone acoustically increased in level was significantly greater than the ASSR to the tone enhanced by the precursor sound. Overall, our results suggest that the enhancement effect cannot be explained by an amplified neural response at the level of the brainstem. However, an alternative possibility is that brainstem neurons with enhanced responses do not contribute to the scalp-recorded ASSR.

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Evidence that adaptation of suppression cannot account for auditory enhancement or enhanced forward masking

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

No Need for Templates in the Auditory Enhancement Effect

No Need for Templates in the Auditory Enhancement Effect

Neural Mechanisms of Selective Auditory Attention in Rats (Dissertation)

The Auditory Enhancement Effect is Not Reflected in the 80-Hz Auditory Steady-State Response

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