Evidence of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) in Domestic Mice in Gabon: Risk of Emergence of LCMV Encephalitis in Central Africa

N’Dilimabaka, Nadine; Berthet, Nicolás; Rougeron, Virginie; Mangombi, Joa Braïthe; Durand, Patrick; Maganga, Gaël Darren; Bouchier, Christiane; Schneider, Bradley S.; Fair, Joseph N.; Renaud, François; Leroy, Eric M.

doi:10.1128/jvi.01009-14

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Thus, extensive sampling of LCMV sequences from different continents may reveal a different geographic origin for this virus. Notably, a recent search for LCMV in Gabon showed that the virus was introduced in the country, most likely with its rodent host, from America ( N’Dilimabaka et al. 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Evolution of Mammarenaviruses: Adaptation via Changes in the L Protein and No Evidence for Host–Virus Codivergence

Forni

Pontremoli

Clerici

et al. 2018

Genome Biology and Evolution

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The Mammarenavirus genus includes several pathogenic species of rodent-borne viruses. Old World (OW) mammarenaviruses infect rodents in the Murinae subfamily and are mainly transmitted in Africa and Asia; New World (NW) mammarenaviruses are found in rodents of the Cricetidae subfamily in the Americas. We applied a selection-informed method to estimate that OW and NW mammarenaviruses diverged less than ∼45,000 years ago (ya). By incorporating phylogeographic inference, we show that NW mammarenaviruses emerged in the Latin America-Caribbean region ∼41,400–3,300 ya, whereas OW mammarenaviruses originated ∼23,100–1,880 ya, most likely in Southern Africa. Cophylogenetic analysis indicated that cospeciation did not contribute significantly to mammarenavirus–host associations. Finally, we show that extremely strong selective pressure on the viral polymerase accompanied the speciation of NW viruses. These data suggest that the evolutionary history of mammarenaviruses was not driven by codivergence with their hosts. The viral polymerase should be regarded as a major determinant of mammarenavirus adaptation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Evolution of Mammarenaviruses: Adaptation via Changes in the L Protein and No Evidence for Host–Virus Codivergence

Forni

Pontremoli

Clerici

et al. 2018

Genome Biology and Evolution

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“…rattus [ 59 ]. Similarly, the Mus musculus domesticus specimens included in this study were genetically identified previously [ 53 ]. Lemniscomys striatus and Lophuromys sikapusi were identified to the species level by using morphological identification keys.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many such pathogens may be carried by rodents, but in Gabon, very few studies have focused on inventories or the identification of potentially zoonotic infectious agents in these animals. The existing studies have focused on one virus at a time [ 52 , 53 ] and one plasmodium parasite [ 54 ] in rodents. They do not provide sufficient data to reveal the diversity and abundance of infectious agents carried by rodents in Gabon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First investigation of pathogenic bacteria, protozoa and viruses in rodents and shrews in context of forest-savannah-urban areas interface in the city of Franceville (Gabon)

et al. 2021

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Rodents are reservoirs of numerous zoonotic diseases caused by bacteria, protozoans, or viruses. In Gabon, the circulation and maintenance of rodent-borne zoonotic infectious agents are poorly studied and are often limited to one type of pathogen. Among the three existing studies on this topic, two are focused on a zoonotic virus, and the third is focused on rodent Plasmodium. In this study, we searched for a wide range of bacteria, protozoa and viruses in different organs of rodents from the town of Franceville in Gabon. Samples from one hundred and ninety-eight (198) small mammals captured, including two invasive rodent species, five native rodent species and 19 shrews belonging to the Soricidae family, were screened. The investigated pathogens were bacteria from the Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae families, Mycoplasma spp., Bartonella spp., Borrelia spp., Orientia spp., Occidentia spp., Leptospira spp., Streptobacillus moniliformis, Coxiella burnetii, and Yersinia pestis; parasites from class Kinetoplastida spp. (Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma spp.), Piroplasmidae spp., and Toxoplasma gondii; and viruses from Paramyxoviridae, Hantaviridae, Flaviviridae and Mammarenavirus spp. We identified the following pathogenic bacteria: Anaplasma spp. (8.1%; 16/198), Bartonella spp. (6.6%; 13/198), Coxiella spp. (5.1%; 10/198) and Leptospira spp. (3.5%; 7/198); and protozoans: Piroplasma sp. (1%; 2/198), Toxoplasma gondii (0.5%; 1/198), and Trypanosoma sp. (7%; 14/198). None of the targeted viral genes were detected. These pathogens were found in Gabonese rodents, mainly Lophuromys sp., Lemniscomys striatus and Praomys sp. We also identified new genotypes: Candidatus Bartonella gabonensis and Uncultured Anaplasma spp. This study shows that rodents in Gabon harbor some human pathogenic bacteria and protozoans. It is necessary to determine whether the identified microorganisms are capable of undergoing zoonotic transmission from rodents to humans and if they may be responsible for human cases of febrile disease of unknown etiology in Gabon.

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“…Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is widely distributed in America, Africa, Europe and Asia (Lavergne et al., ; Morita et al., ; N’ Dilimabaka et al., ). In China, only several cases have been reported in northeastern regions in recent 60 years, and seropositive wild house mice ( M. musculus ) have been found (Wei, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and genomic characterization of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in ticks from northeastern China

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a rodent-borne arenavirus that is considered a neglected cause of neurologic diseases in humans. In this study, we described genomic characterization of newly isolated LCMVs in Haemaphysalis longicornis, Dermacentor nuttalli, Dermacentor silvarum and Ixodes persulcatus in Jilin Province, northeastern China. The complete sequences of the small (S) and large (L) segments of LCMVs in ticks contained 3,375 and 7,235-7,241 nucleotides, respectively. Sequence comparison showed 82.1%-86.0% identity of S segment with other lineage I strains at the nucleotide level and 91.2%-97.5% at the deduced amino acid level, while a lower identity was observed in the L segment at both nucleotide (75.4%-82.2%) and amino acid (82.4%-93.4%) levels. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the tick LCMVs together with the lineage I strains, but in an isolated cluster with a high bootstrap value. Bayesian analysis indicated that the molecular evolutionary rate was estimated to be 3.3 × 10 substitutions/site/year for the S segment and 6.3 × 10 substitutions/site/year for the L segment, and the time to most recent common ancestor was 1980 and 1970 years ago, respectively, showing that tick LCMVs were predicted to originate between 1970s and 1980s. A long evolutionary history and high prevalence of LCMV in H. longicornis were found compared to other tick species. This study represented the first report on isolation of LCMV in China, showing that LCMV is circulating among ticks in Jilin Province, but the role of ticks in the epidemiology of LCMV remains to be explored.

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Evidence of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) in Domestic Mice in Gabon: Risk of Emergence of LCMV Encephalitis in Central Africa

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Ancient Evolution of Mammarenaviruses: Adaptation via Changes in the L Protein and No Evidence for Host–Virus Codivergence

Ancient Evolution of Mammarenaviruses: Adaptation via Changes in the L Protein and No Evidence for Host–Virus Codivergence

First investigation of pathogenic bacteria, protozoa and viruses in rodents and shrews in context of forest-savannah-urban areas interface in the city of Franceville (Gabon)

Isolation and genomic characterization of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in ticks from northeastern China

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