Evidence of hypercoagulability in dogs with parvoviral enteritis

Otto, Cynthia M.; Rieser, Teresa M.; Brooks, Marjory B.; Russell, Michael W.

doi:10.2460/javma.2000.217.1500

Cited by 180 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Indicators of inflammation, the APPs, total leukocyte and mature neutrophils were correlated with the thromboelastogram‐derived MA. These findings are in agreement with previous studies of other inflammatory and neoplastic conditions in which hypercoagulability was reported based on the presence of thromboemboli or changes in TEG variables 11, 12, 25…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…With the exception of AT activity, the traditional variables of hemostasis have been reported to be poor indicators of hypercoagulability,11, 12 and also proved to be poor indicators of hypercoagulability in this study. AT is considered a negative APP and is associated with hypercoagulable states in humans, predisposing patients to thrombotic events 17, 18, 38.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Systemic inflammation has been reported to result in activation of hemostasis,10 and subsequent alterations in the inflammatory and hemostatic variables in spirocercosis are expected. Definitions of hypercoagulability based on TEG variables have not yet been established for animals and numerous variables are used in different studies to define hypercoagulability, including maximal amplitude (MA) or global clot strength (G) alone or in combination with shortened reaction time (R), increased angle (α), or both 11, 12. Increased MA has been reported to be indicative of hypercoagulability in studies on animals,11, 13 and a single variable may be easier to interpret and may have greater clinical application.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Definitions of hypercoagulability based on TEG variables have not yet been established for animals and numerous variables are used in different studies to define hypercoagulability, including maximal amplitude (MA) or global clot strength (G) alone or in combination with shortened reaction time (R), increased angle (α), or both 11, 12. Increased MA has been reported to be indicative of hypercoagulability in studies on animals,11, 13 and a single variable may be easier to interpret and may have greater clinical application. Evidence to support hemostatic alterations in spirocercosis includes three case reports of aorto‐iliac thromboemboli that were attributed to the migration of S. lupi larvae and associated vascular injury 14, 15, 16.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Hemostatic Abnormalities in Canine Spirocercosis and Its Association with Systemic Inflammation

Pazzi

Goddard

Kristensen

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundCanine spirocercosis is caused by the nematode Spirocerca lupi and is characterized by esophageal fibro‐inflammatory nodules that may undergo neoplastic transformation. No sensitive and specific laboratory assays other than histopathology have been reported to differentiate non‐neoplastic from neoplastic disease.Hypothesis/ObjectivesDogs with spirocercosis will have evidence of hypercoagulability based on thromboelastography (TEG)‐derived maximal amplitude (MA); increased MA will be correlated with increased acute phase protein (APP) concentrations (C‐reactive protein [CRP] and fibrinogen); increased MA and APPs will be exacerbated with neoplastic spirocercosis.AnimalsThirty‐nine client‐owned dogs with naturally occurring spirocercosis and 15 sex‐matched healthy controls.MethodsA prospective comparative study evaluating TEG, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, antithrombin (AT) activity, platelet count and D‐dimer concentration, and APPs of dogs with non‐neoplastic (n = 24) and neoplastic (n = 15) spirocercosis compared to control dogs.ResultsMedian MA was significantly increased in the non‐neoplastic group (P < .01) and neoplastic group (P < .01) compared to the controls. Both APPs were significantly increased in the neoplastic group compared to the non‐neoplastic and control groups. MA was strongly correlated with fibrinogen (r = 0.85, P < .001) and CRP (r = 0.73, P < .001). An MA >76 mm provided 96% specificity and 73% sensitivity for differentiation of disease state.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCanine spirocercosis is associated with increased TEG variables, MA and α, and decreased AT activity, which may indicate a hypercoagulable state seemingly more severe with neoplastic transformation. MA was correlated with APP in dogs with spirocercosis and can be used as an adjunctive test to support the suspicion of neoplastic transformation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Hemostatic Abnormalities in Canine Spirocercosis and Its Association with Systemic Inflammation

Pazzi

Goddard

Kristensen

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…The inflammatory response to infection can activate the coagulation system via complex interactions and result in a consumptive coagulopathy (Esmon et al, 1999;Laforcade et al, 2003;Weiss and Rashid, 1998). Coagulation derangement, specifically hypercoagulability, is considered likely in a number of systemic diseases affecting small animals (Donahue and Otto, 2005;Kristensen et al, 2008;Otto et al, 2000;Wiinberg et al, 2008;Wiinberg et al, 2009). If uncontrolled, the hypercoagulable state may lead to DIC, which has been identified as a major risk factor for poor outcome in both human and canine medicine (Laforcade et al, 2003;Weiss and Rashid, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality in virulent canine babesiosis is associated with a consumptive coagulopathy

Goddard¹,

Wiinberg²,

Schoeman³

et al. 2013

The Veterinary Journal

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The inflammatory response to infection can activate the coagulation system via complex interactions. If uncontrolled, this may lead to a consumptive coagulopathy, which has been identified as a major risk factor for poor outcome in both human and canine medicine. This study was undertaken to prospectively determine whether the presence of a consumptive coagulopathy in dogs with Babesia rossi infection is related to mortality. A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was performed. Seventy-two client-owned dogs diagnosed with canine babesiosis were included. Diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot and dogs infected with Babesia vogeli or Ehrlichia canis were excluded. Blood samples were collected at admission. Coagulation factor-, antithrombin (AT)-, and protein C (PC) activity, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen and Ddimer concentrations were measured. The mortality rate was 18% (13/72) and results between non-survivors and survivors were compared. The median activities of all the coagulation factors were significantly lower in the non-survivors compared to the survivors. The median PT and aPTT were significantly longer in the non-survivors compared to the survivors. The median AT activity was not significantly different; however, the median PC activity was significantly 2 decreased in the non-survivors. The median D-dimer concentration was significantly higher in the non-survivors compared to the survivors. This study showed that dogs that died from B.canis infection suffered from a more severe consumptive coagulopathy compared to survivors, characterized by procoagulant activation, inhibitor consumption, and increased fibrinolytic activity.

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The Evaluation of Coagulation Profiles in Calves with Suspected Septic Shock

et al. 2006

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The purpose of the study reported here was to evaluate the haemostatic function in calves with suspected septic shock and to reflect the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Twenty-six calves suspected of having septic shock (experimental group) and 10 clinically healthy calves (control group) were used. On admission, the experimental group of calves had been ill for an average of 2 days. Therapy was applied to the experimental group of calves. The packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) counts were determined. Blood smears for toxic neutrophil and schistocyte intensity were evaluated. For the coagulation profile, plasma activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) values were determined. Toxic neutrophils in blood smears were observed in 12 calves of the experimental group. APTT was prolonged in the experimental group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Fibrinogen concentration was found to be higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Total leukocyte counts were higher in the experimental group compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Platelet counts in the experimental group were lower than the control group (p < 0.001). However, when the individual values of coagulation profiles of each calf were evaluated, 8 calves had at least three abnormal coagulation profiles (APTT >72 s, PT >34.5 s, TT >33.7 s, FDPs >5 microg/ml, PLT < or = 150 x 10(3)/mm(3)) and abnormal erythrocyte morphology (schistocytes > or = 1). The most common abnormal tests in the coagulation profile were APTT and PT (7 cases), FDPs (6 cases), thrombocytopenia (4 cases), and schistocytes in blood smears (8 cases) in these 8 calves. The results of this study indicate that DIC might be a significant risk factor for mortality in calves with suspected septic shock.

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Evidence of hypercoagulability in dogs with parvoviral enteritis

Abstract: Dogs with CPV enteritis have a high prevalence of clinical thrombosis or phlebitis and laboratory evidence of hypercoagulability without disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Thromboelastography may help identify hypercoagulable states in dogs.

Cited by 180 publications

References 26 publications

Evaluation of Hemostatic Abnormalities in Canine Spirocercosis and Its Association with Systemic Inflammation

Evaluation of Hemostatic Abnormalities in Canine Spirocercosis and Its Association with Systemic Inflammation

Mortality in virulent canine babesiosis is associated with a consumptive coagulopathy

The Evaluation of Coagulation Profiles in Calves with Suspected Septic Shock

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