Evidence of acute phase reaction in asymptomatic dogs naturally infected with Babesia canis

Milanović, Zorana; Beletić, Anđelo; Vekić, Jelena; Andrić, Nenad; Božović, Anja Ilić; Spariosu, Kristina; Radaković, Milena; Ajtić, Jelena; Filipović, Milica Kovačević

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109140

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…None of the dogs tested positive for B. vogeli [ 61 ]. Furthermore, B. canis was confirmed by PCR (tick/vector comprehensive real PCR panel—canine) to be the only species found in 29 dogs microscopically diagnosed with babesiosis in Belgrade [ 62 ].…”

Section: South-eastern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Babesiosis in Southeastern, Central and Northeastern Europe: An Emerging and Re-Emerging Tick-Borne Disease of Humans and Animals

Bajer

Beck

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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There is now considerable evidence that in Europe, babesiosis is an emerging infectious disease, with some of the causative species spreading as a consequence of the increasing range of their tick vector hosts. In this review, we summarize both the historic records and recent findings on the occurrence and incidence of babesiosis in 20 European countries located in southeastern Europe (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Serbia), central Europe (Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Switzerland), and northern and northeastern Europe (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Iceland, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, and Norway), identified in humans and selected species of domesticated animals (cats, dogs, horses, and cattle). Recorded cases of human babesiosis are still rare, but their number is expected to rise in the coming years. This is because of the widespread and longer seasonal activity of Ixodes ricinus as a result of climate change and because of the more extensive use of better molecular diagnostic methods. Bovine babesiosis has a re-emerging potential because of the likely loss of herd immunity, while canine babesiosis is rapidly expanding in central and northeastern Europe, its occurrence correlating with the rapid, successful expansion of the ornate dog tick (Dermacentor reticulatus) populations in Europe. Taken together, our analysis of the available reports shows clear evidence of an increasing annual incidence of babesiosis across Europe in both humans and animals that is changing in line with similar increases in the incidence of other tick-borne diseases. This situation is of major concern, and we recommend more extensive and frequent, standardized monitoring using a “One Health” approach.

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Section: South-eastern Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Babesiosis in Southeastern, Central and Northeastern Europe: An Emerging and Re-Emerging Tick-Borne Disease of Humans and Animals

Bajer

Beck

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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“…Recently, Japanese scientists have suggested that liver damage is mediated by chondroitin sulfate. This was established in an experiment when an increased content of chondroitinsulfate was found in rats after ligation of the bile ducts in the damaged liver [14,15]. There is also evidence that chondroitinsulfate is able to protect endothelial cells of blood vessels from damage [16].…”

Section: Compared To Indicators In Clinically Healthy Animalsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Informativeness of biochemical markers of connective tissue metabolism in canine babesiosis

Морозенко

Vashchyk

Zakhariev

et al. 2022

SR: BS

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The aim: to analyze the diagnostic informativeness of biochemical markers of connective tissue in the blood of dogs with babesiosis. Materials and methods. German Shepherd (n=7), Labrador Retriever (n=3) and Rottweiler (n=2) dogs aged 1 to 5 years and diagnosed with babesiosis were studied. As a control group, clinically healthy dogs were used, which came to the veterinary clinic for a preventive examination, the age of the animals was from 1 to 5 years (n=10). The animals were examined according to the following scheme: collection of anamnestic data, clinical examination according to generally accepted methods, general and biochemical blood analysis, urine examination. Glycoproteins in blood serum were determined according to Shteinberg – Dotsenko, sialic acids – according to the Hess method, chondroitin sulfates – Nemeth–Csoka in the modification of L.I. Slutsky. Results. The biochemical examination of the blood revealed the presence of acute cytolytic syndrome and cholestasis in the animal's body. Cholestasis in sick animals was characterized by an increase in the content of bilirubin and the activity of alkaline phosphatase, as well as an increase in the content of β-lipoproteins. The increase in the content of total bilirubin in the blood was obviously due mainly to its unconjugated fraction, since intravascular hemolysis took place. In the blood serum of patients with babesiosis in dogs, there was an increase in the content of markers of connective tissue metabolism – glycoproteins by 1.63, sialic acids – by 1.36, and chondroitin sulfates by 1.8 times, respectively. Conclusions. Glycoproteins have "acute phase proteins" in their composition, which are indicators for assessing the degree of the inflammatory process in the body of dogs with babesiosis. Sialic acids are components of sialoproteins, which are also markers of the inflammatory process and destructive changes in the body. An increase in the content of chondroitin sulfates in the blood during babesiosis indicates the development of a compensatory reaction, associated with the action of toxic hemolysis products on the endothelium of blood vessels. Thus, the increased content of biochemical markers of connective tissue in the blood of dogs with babesiosis indicates the presence of a systemic inflammatory-protective reaction in animals, which makes it possible to recommend them for assessing the acute phase of the inflammatory process in the body and protecting blood vessels from damage due to toxic hemolysis

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“…Chronic infection with B. canis however cannot be excluded in this case. 55 After experimental infection, protective immunity lasts between 5 and 8 months. 56 The mortality rate of B. canis infection in Europe ranges from Fipronil is approved for Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor variabilis and has a killing effect of 48 hours after infestation, but no repellent effect.…”

Section: Reticulatus In Different German Regions Made Increasing Numb...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autochthonous Babesia canis infections in 49 dogs in Germany

Weingart

Helm

Müller

et al. 2023

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Vector-borne diseases are of increasing importance in Germany. Since 2015, autochthonous cases have been increasingly documented in Berlin/ Brandenburg.Objectives: Describe autochthonous Babesia canis infection in the Berlin/ Brandenburg region.Animals: Forty-nine dogs with autochthonous B. canis infection.Methods: Evaluation of history, clinical signs, laboratory abnormalities, treatment, and outcome.Results: Dogs were presented between March and August (9) and September and January (40) in the years 2015-2021. Historical and clinical findings were lethargy (100%), pale mucous membranes (63%), fever (50%), and pigmenturia (52%). Common clinicopathological findings were thrombocytopenia (100%), anemia (85%), intravascular hemolysis (52%), pancytopenia (41%), and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS; 37%). Babesia detection was based on blood smear evaluation (n = 40) and PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene of piroplasms (n = 49). Sequencing indicated 99.47% to 100% identity to B. canis sequences from GenBank. All dogs were treated with imidocarb (2.4-6.3 mg/kg; median, 5 mg/kg); 8 dogs received 1, 35 received 2, and 1 dog each received 3, 4, or 5 injections, respectively. Continued PCR-positive results were detected in 7 dogs after the 1st, in 5 after the 2nd, in 2 after the 3rd, and in 1 28 days after the 4th injection. Four dogs were euthanized and 3 dogs died.

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Evidence of acute phase reaction in asymptomatic dogs naturally infected with Babesia canis

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Babesiosis in Southeastern, Central and Northeastern Europe: An Emerging and Re-Emerging Tick-Borne Disease of Humans and Animals

Babesiosis in Southeastern, Central and Northeastern Europe: An Emerging and Re-Emerging Tick-Borne Disease of Humans and Animals

Informativeness of biochemical markers of connective tissue metabolism in canine babesiosis

Autochthonous Babesia canis infections in 49 dogs in Germany

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