Evidence of a recent input of magmatic gases into the quiescent volcanic edifice of Panarea, Aeolian Islands, Italy

Caliro, Stefano; Caracausi, Antonio; Chiodini, Giovanni; Ditta, M.; Italiano, Francesco; Longo, Manfredi; Minopoli, Carmine; Nuccio, P. M.; Paonita, Antonio; Rizzo, Andrea Luca

doi:10.1029/2003gl019359

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…1) is considered a quiescent volcano of the Aeolian Archipelago and shows the most intense and diffuse hydrothermal activity known since historical times. At the end of October 2002, 3 km to the East of the island near the islet of Bottaro, a low energy submarine gas eruption occurred (Caliro et al 2004;Caracausi et al 2005). In the same period, after 1 month, a paroxysmal activity (a violent eruptive manifestation of the volcano) was observed in the Stromboli Island.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Alteration of potential harmful elements levels in sediments and biota from the central Mediterranean Sea (Aeolian Archipelago) following an episode of intense volcanic activity

Andaloro

Romeo

Renzi

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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In this paper levels of four (Hg, Cd, Pb, As) potential harmful elements (PHE) were measured in three different environmental matrices (sediments, macroalgae and fishes) from the Aeolian Archipelago and control areas both after 1 and 10 months from a volcanic activity of particular relevance occurred at the end of October 2002. Results were analysed on a multivariate statistical basis with the aim to evaluate: (I) general levels of pollution and increase of PHE due to the event; (II) differences observed among tested matrices in the time of recovery after the occurrence of the critical event; (III) the biological enrichment of PHE along the trophic web produced by the geological event. Results evidenced that volcanic emissions could represent a local source of particular relevance able to determine great enrichments of considered PHE in sediments and biological species. After 10 months from the event, levels in sediments and macroalgae notably decreased, whereas fish species evidenced an increase, principally related to the bioaccumulation phenomena. On the basis of the biological enrichment factors (BEF), major enrichments were evidenced after 1 month whereas, after 10 months, were recorded values reliable to an incomplete recovery. Concerning Cd, the BEF higher levels reported for the species Serranus cabrilla was probably related both to the diet and to the specific detoxification rates of this species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Alteration of potential harmful elements levels in sediments and biota from the central Mediterranean Sea (Aeolian Archipelago) following an episode of intense volcanic activity

Andaloro

Romeo

Renzi

et al. 2011

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Caliro et al (2004) reported new data obtained after the onset of the crisis, which highlighted an increase in the degassing rates by almost two orders of magnitude (about 1.8 × 10 7 mol/day on November 13th). In accordance to Caliro et al (2004) and Caracausi et al (2005), a new magmatic input would have caused the last episode of volcanic unrest, supplying a much intense feeding of magmatic fluids to the deep geothermal reservoir. As a consequence, geothermal P and T conditions increased as well as the extent of vaporization, causing the huge outgassing observed at the surface.…”

Section: Its Recent Crisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Massive submarine gas output during the volcanic unrest off Panarea Island (Aeolian arc, Italy): Inferences for explosive conditions

et al. 2005

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The possibility of understanding natural processes leading to explosive events in volcanic systems provides advantages for a better management of possible volcanic crises. On account of the possibility of the occurrence of other phenomena, such as tsunamis, the explosions driven by submarine volcanic systems are of particular interest, although little investigated. The recent sudden increase in the degassing activity of the submarine geothermal system of Panarea Island (Aeolian arc), has allowed us to better understand the way in which the quiet degassing activity of a submarine hydrothermal system may develop if new magma or magmatic gases feed it. We focused our investigations on the crater-shaped area where the volcanic crisis started, with the aim of evaluating whether the crater was formed by an explosive event or by sediment erosion due to the intense gas flow rate. The calculated energetic conditions, coupled with the computed physicchemical state of the fluids at the level of the deep reservoir, provided the theoretical boundary conditions of the occurred event, while suggesting that a low-energy explosion was responsible for producing the crater at the sea bottom.Keywords: hydrothermal system, explosion, submarine vents occurred off Panarea Island (Aeolian arc, Italy) where the already known submarine degassing activity suddenly increased without any geophysical precursory signal. The modifications that occurred at the local hydrothermal system produced five large areas of "bubbling sea water" near the islets of Bottaro and Lisca Bianca (Figs. 1a and b). In the main vent, close to Bottaro rock, a crater several meters wide, was formed at the sea bottom, strengthening the hypothesis that the onset of the outgassing event was explosive. The involved area is densely populated during the tourist season, above all in summer. Because of the possible implications in Civil Defense, it would be of extreme importance to establish whether or not explosive outgassing really did form the Bottaro crater, or if, instead, its existence is merely to be referred to the erosion of sediments by the flowing gases.The aim of this work is to model explosive events caused by the abrupt expansion of CO 2 and steam, while taking into account possible condensation processes. In the case of the Panarea event, constraints on the expansion process can be achieved by ascertaining the physicchemical conditions of the hydrothermal fluids and the size of the produced crater. A comparison between the measured gas output and the required amounts of gas or vapor computed by the models, highlights the explosive character of the gas release. Some outcomes regarding the maximum expected explosive event, occurring with a similar mechanism, can be inferred on the basis of a few reasonable assumptions.

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“…The addition of magmatic gases in 2002 (Caliro et al 2004;Capaccioni et al 2007) within the hydrothermal/geothermal system induced an increase of pressure and temperature and produced the gas eruption in the Islets area (Area B), with the opening of hundreds of gas vents aligned NNE and NW trending Esposito et al 2006) and vertical crustal deformation of 4.2±0.1 cm recorded at PANA site, located at ∼2.5 km to the west, in Area A. Furthermore, about 20 low magnitude (Md≥1.0) and highfrequency seismic events occurred on November 3, 2002, between 3:37 GMT and 5:00 GMT, i.e., only a few hours before the local inhabitants of Panarea witnessed boiling sea in the surroundings of Lisca Bianca and Bottaro (Saccorotti et al 2003;Linde et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, gas eruptions of similar intensity to the 2002 eruption had not been previously observed during the last century (Mercalli 1883). Gas compositions and isotopic signatures suggested that the 2002 emissions originated from a hydrothermal/geothermal reservoir fed by seawater and magmatic fluids (Caliro et al 2004;Chiodini et al 2006;Capaccioni et al 2005Capaccioni et al , 2007. Geomorphological evidences of past phreatic explosions, such as that of November 2002, have been found in the relics of several craters on the seafloor, revealed by multibeam bathymetry , as well as by geological investigations (Esposito et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Modeling ground deformations of Panarea volcano hydrothermal/geothermal system (Aeolian Islands, Italy) from GPS data

et al. 2010

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Panarea volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) was \ud considered extinct until November 3, 2002, when a \ud submarine gas eruption began in the area of the islets of \ud Lisca Bianca, Bottaro, Lisca Nera, Dattilo, and Panarelli, \ud about 2.5 km east of Panarea Island. The gas eruption \ud decreased to a state of low degassing by July 2003. Before \ud 2002, the activity of Panarea volcano was characterized by \ud mild degassing of hydrothermal fluid. The compositions of \ud the 2002 gases and their isotopic signatures suggested that \ud the emissions originated from a hydrothermal/geothermal \ud reservoir fed by magmatic fluids. We investigate crustal \ud deformation of Panarea volcano using the global position- \ud ing system (GPS) velocity field obtained by the combina- \ud tion of continuous and episodic site observations of the \ud Panarea GPS network in the time span 1995–2007. We \ud present a combined model of Okada sources, which \ud explai ns the GPS results acquired in the area from \ud December 2002. The kinematics of Panarea volcano show \ud two distinct active crustal domains characterized by \ud different styles of horizontal deformation, supported also \ud by volcanological and structural evidence. Subsidence on \ud order of several millimeters/year is affecting the entire \ud Panarea volcano, and a shortening of 10−6 year−1 has been estimated in the Islets area. Our model reveals that the \ud degassing intensity and distribution are strongly influenced by \ud geophysical-geochemical changes within the hydrothermal/ \ud geothermal system. These variations may be triggered by \ud changes in the regional stress field as suggested by the \ud geophysical and volcanological events which occurred in \ud 2002 in the Southern Tyrrhenian area

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Evidence of a recent input of magmatic gases into the quiescent volcanic edifice of Panarea, Aeolian Islands, Italy

Cited by 47 publications

References 11 publications

Alteration of potential harmful elements levels in sediments and biota from the central Mediterranean Sea (Aeolian Archipelago) following an episode of intense volcanic activity

Alteration of potential harmful elements levels in sediments and biota from the central Mediterranean Sea (Aeolian Archipelago) following an episode of intense volcanic activity

Massive submarine gas output during the volcanic unrest off Panarea Island (Aeolian arc, Italy): Inferences for explosive conditions

Modeling ground deformations of Panarea volcano hydrothermal/geothermal system (Aeolian Islands, Italy) from GPS data

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