Evidence for slab rollback in westernmost Mediterranean from improved upper mantle imaging

Bezada, Maximiliano; Humphreys, E.; Toomey, D. R.; Harnafi, M.; Dávila, José Martín; Muset, Josep Gallart

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.02.024

Cited by 176 publications

(249 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A fourth anomaly, possibly connected to the Middle Atlas anomaly, extends beneath the Gibraltar Strait and eastern Gulf of Cadiz, but does not exhibit any surface expression of recent volcanism. These features have already been described in previous tomographic studies based on travel times (Bezada et al, 2014;Bezada et al, 2013;Bonnin et al, 2014) and surface wave dispersion . Fernandez et al, 1998).…”

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confidence: 53%

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Subduction and volcanism in the Iberia–North Africa collision zone from tomographic images of the upper mantle

et al. 2015

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Subduction and volcanism in the Iberia-North Africa collision zone from tomographic images of the upper mantle, Tectonophysics (2015Tectonophysics ( ), doi: 10.1016Tectonophysics ( /j.tecto.2015 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT2 AbstractNew tomographic images of the upper mantle beneath the westernmost Mediterranean suggest that the evolution of the region experienced two subduction-related episodes. First subduction of oceanic and/or extended continental lithosphere s, now located mainly beneath the Betics at depths greater than 400 km, took place on a NW-SE oriented subduction zone. This was followed by a slab-tear process that initiated in the east and propagated to the west, leading to westward slab rollback and possibly lower crustal delamination. The current position of the slab tear is located approximately at 4W, and to the west of this location the subducted lithosphere is still attached to the surface along the Gibraltar arc. Our new P-wave velocity model is able to image the attached subducted lithosphere as a narrow high-velocity body extending to shallow depths, coinciding with the region of maximum curvature of the Gibraltar Arc, the occurrence of intermediate-depth earthquakes, and anomalously thick crust. This thick crust has a large influence in the measured teleseismic travel time residuals and therefore in the obtained Pwave tomographic model. We show that removing the effects of the thick crust significantly improves the shallow images of the slab and therefore the interpretations based on the seismic structure.

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confidence: 53%

“…This feature has been identified by many authors (Blanco and Spakman, 1993;Calvert et al, 2000;Piromallo and Morelli, 2003;Spakman and Wortel, 2004) and has also been the subject of recent studies, some using a similar dataset to this one (Bezada et al, 2014;Bezada et al, 2013;Bonnin et al, 2014;Monna et al, 2013).…”

Section: Accepted M Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subduction and volcanism in the Iberia–North Africa collision zone from tomographic images of the upper mantle

et al. 2015

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“…Bezada et al, 2013;Bonnin et al, 2014;Palomeras et al, 2014), an E-W trending high-velocity anomaly is visible around 200-300 km depth beneath the Algerian coast. This African slab is detached from the surface and broken into two segments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Villaseñor et al, 2001;Palomeras et al, 2014), body wave traveltimes (e.g. Spakman et al, 1993;Villaseñor et al, 2003;Piromallo and Morelli, 2003;Koulakov et al, 2009;Bezada et al, 2013;Bonnin et al, 2014), or a combination of both (e.g. Chang et al, 2010;Fichtner et al, 2013b;Zhu et al, 2015).…”

Section: The Western Mediterraneanmentioning

confidence: 98%

Crust and upper mantle of the western Mediterranean – Constraints from full-waveform inversion

Fichtner

Villaseñor

2015

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

113

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“…Such variations of slab shape are observed below the strait of Gibraltar (Bezada et al, 2013), below Turkey (Biryol et al, 2011), below Japan (Zhao et al, 2012Liu and Zhao, 2016), below the eastern Caribbean plate (Van Benthem et al, 2013) and in many other subduction zones, and are summarized in the SLAB1.0 model (Hayes et al, 2012). These complicated pictures of slab geometry allow us to make simple tests to study the possible effects of geometry on the mantle flow and on temperature in subduction zones, and especially at the subduction 20 interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of obliquity on temperature in subduction zones: insights from 3D numerical modeling

Plunder¹,

Thieulot²,

Hinsbergen³

2018

Preprint

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Abstract. In subduction zones the geotherm is thought to vary as a function of the subduction rate and the age of the subducting lithosphere. Along a single subduction zone the rate of subduction can strongly vary due to changes in the angle between the trench and the plate convergence vector, namely the subduction obliquity. We currently observe such a configuration all around the Pacific (e.g. Marianna, Chile, Aleutians). Subduction obliquity is also supposed in the geological record of Western and Central Turkey. In order to investigate this effect, we designed and computed simple thermo-kinematic finite element 3D 5 numerical models. We prescribe the trench geometry by means of a simple mathematical function and compute the mantle flow in the mantle wedge only by solving the equation of mass and momentum conservation. We then solve the energy conservation equation until steady-state is reached. We analyse the results (i) in terms of mantle wedge flow with emphasis on the trenchparallel component and (ii) in terms of temperature along the plate interface by means of maps and depths-temperature path at the interface. We show that the effect of the trench curvature on the geotherm is substantial. A small obliquity yields a small but 10 not negligible trench parallel mantle flow leading to differences of 50• C along strike of the model. With increasing obliquity, the trench parallel component of the velocity consequently increases and the temperature variation can be as important as 200• C along strike. This can even be larger with varying plate velocity. Finally, we discuss the implication of our simulations for the ubiquitous oblique systems that are observed on Earth, the limitation of our modeling approach and the significance for the geological record with an emphasis on the case study of Western and Central Turkey.

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Evidence for slab rollback in westernmost Mediterranean from improved upper mantle imaging

Cited by 176 publications

References 51 publications

Subduction and volcanism in the Iberia–North Africa collision zone from tomographic images of the upper mantle

Subduction and volcanism in the Iberia–North Africa collision zone from tomographic images of the upper mantle

Crust and upper mantle of the western Mediterranean – Constraints from full-waveform inversion

The effect of obliquity on temperature in subduction zones: insights from 3D numerical modeling

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