Evidence for Cl− exchangers in perfused Carcinus gills

Osmoregulation and Excretion

“…In the blue crab Callinectes sapidus , ammonia excretion rates are correlated with Na + absorption (1482). The same result was obtained for both the Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis (1419) and the shore crab Carcinus maenas (1106). In the marine crab Cancer pagurus , active branchial excretion of ammonia is completely inhibited by ouabain (1945), suggesting the Na + /K + ‐ATPase is the only driving force for excretion.…”

“…Hunter and Kirschner (815) reported a substantial reduction in ammonia excretion of approximately 32% and 56% in the marine osmoconforming crabs Cancer antenarius and Petrolisthes cinctipes , respectively, when the exchanger is blocked. Gill perfusion experiments in the green shore crab C. maenas (1106, 1946) and C. pagurus (1945) showed similar results. However, results obtained by using amiloride on epithelia or animals with a cuticle must be reviewed with caution.…”

“…In the marine crab Cancer pagurus, active branchial excretion of ammonia is completely inhibited by ouabain (1945), suggesting the Na + /K + -ATPase is the only driving force for excretion. However, in the gills of Carcinus maenas acclimated to brackish water, both gradient-driven (1106) and active ammonia excretion (1946) are only partially inhibited by ouabain, indicating a second active mechanism responsible for branchial ammonia extrusion in this species.…”

Osmoregulation and Excretion

“…In the blue crab Callinectes sapidus , ammonia excretion rates are correlated with Na + absorption (1482). The same result was obtained for both the Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis (1419) and the shore crab Carcinus maenas (1106). In the marine crab Cancer pagurus , active branchial excretion of ammonia is completely inhibited by ouabain (1945), suggesting the Na + /K + ‐ATPase is the only driving force for excretion.…”

“…Hunter and Kirschner (815) reported a substantial reduction in ammonia excretion of approximately 32% and 56% in the marine osmoconforming crabs Cancer antenarius and Petrolisthes cinctipes , respectively, when the exchanger is blocked. Gill perfusion experiments in the green shore crab C. maenas (1106, 1946) and C. pagurus (1945) showed similar results. However, results obtained by using amiloride on epithelia or animals with a cuticle must be reviewed with caution.…”

“…In the marine crab Cancer pagurus, active branchial excretion of ammonia is completely inhibited by ouabain (1945), suggesting the Na + /K + -ATPase is the only driving force for excretion. However, in the gills of Carcinus maenas acclimated to brackish water, both gradient-driven (1106) and active ammonia excretion (1946) are only partially inhibited by ouabain, indicating a second active mechanism responsible for branchial ammonia extrusion in this species.…”

Comparative molecular analyses of select pH- and osmoregulatory genes in three freshwater crayfishCherax quadricarinatus,C. destructorandC. cainii

“…The comparative molecular analyses showed that most other genes including Na + /K + /2Cl − cotransporter (NKCC), Na + /Cl − /HCO 3 − cotransporter (NBC), Na + /H + exchanger 3 (NHE3), Na + /Ca +2 exchanger 1 (NCX1), Arginine kinase (AK), Sarcoplasmic Ca +2 -ATase (SERCA) and Calreticulin (CRT) were conserved across the three Cherax crayfish ( Tables 3 and 4 ). The underlying reason may be that the these genes encode a set of enzymes that are actively or passively associated with the fundamental and common physiological processes of ion-regulation in crustaceans ( Lucu, 1989 ; Onken, Graszynski & Zeiske, 1991 ; Onken, Tresguerres & Luquet, 2003 ; Ahearn, Mandal & Mandal, 2004 ; Serrano, Halanych & Henry, 2007 ; Mandal et al, 2009 ; Lv et al, 2015 ; Ren et al, 2015 ; Xu et al, 2015 ). The high level of amino acid conservation in these predicted proteins may be attributed to the fact that they are found in important biochemical pathways that influence systemic acid–base balance and/or ion transport ( Uda et al, 2006 ; Hwang, Lee & Lin, 2011 ; Hiroi & McCormick, 2012 ; McNamara & Faria, 2012 ).…”

The mechanism of sodium chloride uptake in hyperregulating aquatic animals

“…The inhibitor also had no effect on Isc in the split gill lamella (Onken and Siebers, 1992). It was reported to have a modest inhibitory action on J in Cl and the TEP (~25%) in C maenas, with less effect on J in Na , but the concentration (10·mmol·l -1 ) was 100× higher than is usually used (Lucu, 1989). It also had a modest effect (~20%) on J in Na in C. granulatus .…”

Osmoregulation and Excretion

“…In the blue crab Callinectes sapidus , ammonia excretion rates are correlated with Na + absorption (1482). The same result was obtained for both the Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis (1419) and the shore crab Carcinus maenas (1106). In the marine crab Cancer pagurus , active branchial excretion of ammonia is completely inhibited by ouabain (1945), suggesting the Na + /K + ‐ATPase is the only driving force for excretion.…”

“…Hunter and Kirschner (815) reported a substantial reduction in ammonia excretion of approximately 32% and 56% in the marine osmoconforming crabs Cancer antenarius and Petrolisthes cinctipes , respectively, when the exchanger is blocked. Gill perfusion experiments in the green shore crab C. maenas (1106, 1946) and C. pagurus (1945) showed similar results. However, results obtained by using amiloride on epithelia or animals with a cuticle must be reviewed with caution.…”

“…In the marine crab Cancer pagurus, active branchial excretion of ammonia is completely inhibited by ouabain (1945), suggesting the Na + /K + -ATPase is the only driving force for excretion. However, in the gills of Carcinus maenas acclimated to brackish water, both gradient-driven (1106) and active ammonia excretion (1946) are only partially inhibited by ouabain, indicating a second active mechanism responsible for branchial ammonia extrusion in this species.…”

Comparative molecular analyses of select pH- and osmoregulatory genes in three freshwater crayfishCherax quadricarinatus,C. destructorandC. cainii

“…The comparative molecular analyses showed that most other genes including Na + /K + /2Cl − cotransporter (NKCC), Na + /Cl − /HCO 3 − cotransporter (NBC), Na + /H + exchanger 3 (NHE3), Na + /Ca +2 exchanger 1 (NCX1), Arginine kinase (AK), Sarcoplasmic Ca +2 -ATase (SERCA) and Calreticulin (CRT) were conserved across the three Cherax crayfish ( Tables 3 and 4 ). The underlying reason may be that the these genes encode a set of enzymes that are actively or passively associated with the fundamental and common physiological processes of ion-regulation in crustaceans ( Lucu, 1989 ; Onken, Graszynski & Zeiske, 1991 ; Onken, Tresguerres & Luquet, 2003 ; Ahearn, Mandal & Mandal, 2004 ; Serrano, Halanych & Henry, 2007 ; Mandal et al, 2009 ; Lv et al, 2015 ; Ren et al, 2015 ; Xu et al, 2015 ). The high level of amino acid conservation in these predicted proteins may be attributed to the fact that they are found in important biochemical pathways that influence systemic acid–base balance and/or ion transport ( Uda et al, 2006 ; Hwang, Lee & Lin, 2011 ; Hiroi & McCormick, 2012 ; McNamara & Faria, 2012 ).…”

The mechanism of sodium chloride uptake in hyperregulating aquatic animals

“…The inhibitor also had no effect on Isc in the split gill lamella (Onken and Siebers, 1992). It was reported to have a modest inhibitory action on J in Cl and the TEP (~25%) in C maenas, with less effect on J in Na , but the concentration (10·mmol·l -1 ) was 100× higher than is usually used (Lucu, 1989). It also had a modest effect (~20%) on J in Na in C. granulatus .…”

Osmoregulation and Excretion

“…In the blue crab Callinectes sapidus , ammonia excretion rates are correlated with Na + absorption (1482). The same result was obtained for both the Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis (1419) and the shore crab Carcinus maenas (1106). In the marine crab Cancer pagurus , active branchial excretion of ammonia is completely inhibited by ouabain (1945), suggesting the Na + /K + ‐ATPase is the only driving force for excretion.…”

“…Hunter and Kirschner (815) reported a substantial reduction in ammonia excretion of approximately 32% and 56% in the marine osmoconforming crabs Cancer antenarius and Petrolisthes cinctipes , respectively, when the exchanger is blocked. Gill perfusion experiments in the green shore crab C. maenas (1106, 1946) and C. pagurus (1945) showed similar results. However, results obtained by using amiloride on epithelia or animals with a cuticle must be reviewed with caution.…”

“…In the marine crab Cancer pagurus, active branchial excretion of ammonia is completely inhibited by ouabain (1945), suggesting the Na + /K + -ATPase is the only driving force for excretion. However, in the gills of Carcinus maenas acclimated to brackish water, both gradient-driven (1106) and active ammonia excretion (1946) are only partially inhibited by ouabain, indicating a second active mechanism responsible for branchial ammonia extrusion in this species.…”

Comparative molecular analyses of select pH- and osmoregulatory genes in three freshwater crayfishCherax quadricarinatus,C. destructorandC. cainii

“…The comparative molecular analyses showed that most other genes including Na + /K + /2Cl − cotransporter (NKCC), Na + /Cl − /HCO 3 − cotransporter (NBC), Na + /H + exchanger 3 (NHE3), Na + /Ca +2 exchanger 1 (NCX1), Arginine kinase (AK), Sarcoplasmic Ca +2 -ATase (SERCA) and Calreticulin (CRT) were conserved across the three Cherax crayfish ( Tables 3 and 4 ). The underlying reason may be that the these genes encode a set of enzymes that are actively or passively associated with the fundamental and common physiological processes of ion-regulation in crustaceans ( Lucu, 1989 ; Onken, Graszynski & Zeiske, 1991 ; Onken, Tresguerres & Luquet, 2003 ; Ahearn, Mandal & Mandal, 2004 ; Serrano, Halanych & Henry, 2007 ; Mandal et al, 2009 ; Lv et al, 2015 ; Ren et al, 2015 ; Xu et al, 2015 ). The high level of amino acid conservation in these predicted proteins may be attributed to the fact that they are found in important biochemical pathways that influence systemic acid–base balance and/or ion transport ( Uda et al, 2006 ; Hwang, Lee & Lin, 2011 ; Hiroi & McCormick, 2012 ; McNamara & Faria, 2012 ).…”

The mechanism of sodium chloride uptake in hyperregulating aquatic animals

“…The inhibitor also had no effect on Isc in the split gill lamella (Onken and Siebers, 1992). It was reported to have a modest inhibitory action on J in Cl and the TEP (~25%) in C maenas, with less effect on J in Na , but the concentration (10·mmol·l -1 ) was 100× higher than is usually used (Lucu, 1989). It also had a modest effect (~20%) on J in Na in C. granulatus .…”