Evaporation-precipitation variability over Indian Ocean and its assessment in NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFSv2)

Pokhrel, Samir; Rahaman, Hasibur; Parekh, Anant; Saha, Subodh Kumar; Dhakate, Ashish; Chaudhari, Hemantkumar S.; Gairola, R. M.

doi:10.1007/s00382-012-1542-6

Cited by 63 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…7). This cycle was also noted by Pokhrel et al (2012) and Sadhuram and Kumar (1987), who showed that the maxima are related to strong winds and the minima are a result of low wind speeds and weak vapour pressure across the Arabian Sea. The moisture uptake over this source between April and October is almost insignificant, but the evaporation from OAFlux is greater; thus, this source is not efficient in delivering moisture to the CRB because this region contributes to the Indian monsoon during these months (Levine and Turner, 2012).…”

Section: Freshwater Evaporation In the Sourcessupporting

confidence: 74%

A Lagrangian perspective of the hydrological cycle in the Congo River basin

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The Lagrangian model FLEXPART is used to identify the moisture sources of the Congo River basin (CRB) and investigate their role in the hydrological cycle. This model allows us to track atmospheric parcels while calculating changes in the specific humidity through the budget of evaporation minus precipitation. This method permits the annual-scale identification of five continental and four oceanic principal regions that provide moisture to the CRB from both hemispheres over the course of the year. The most important is the CRB, which provides more than 50 % of the total atmospheric moisture contribution to precipitation over itself. Additionally, both the land that extends to the east of the CRB and the eastern equatorial South Atlantic Ocean are very important sources, while the Red Sea source is merely important in the (E − P ) budget over the CRB despite its high evaporation rate. The moisture-sink patterns over the CRB in air masses that were tracked forward in time from all the sources follow the latitudinal rainfall migration and are mostly highly correlated with the pattern of the precipitation rate, ensuring a link between them. In wet (dry) years, the contribution of moisture to precipitation from the CRB over itself increases (decreases). Despite the enhanced evaporative conditions over the basin during dry years, the vertically integrated moisture flux (VIMF) divergence inhibits precipitation and suggests the transport of moisture from the CRB to remote regions.

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Section: Freshwater Evaporation In the Sourcessupporting

confidence: 74%

A Lagrangian perspective of the hydrological cycle in the Congo River basin

et al. 2017

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“…Further model variance is overestimated (underestimated) in the case of northern (southern) hemispheric land. This clearly attests the lower skill of CFSv2 simulated ISMR as shown in previous studies (Saha et al 2014b;Pokhrel et al 2012b).…”

Section: Prediction Skillsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The previous version of the model (CFSv1) also suffered from the same biases (Kirtman and Min 2009). Over the north Indian Ocean the underestimation of near surface specific humidity lead to the cold SST bias (Pokhrel et al 2012b). During MJJAS, a large part of Indian Ocean and northwest Pacific Ocean show cold bias by a maximum of 2.5 °C and the all monsoon Seasonal mean and biases in SST and 2m air temperature (over land).…”

Section: Seasonal Mean Rainfall/temperature and Biasesmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Predictability of global monsoon rainfall in NCEP CFSv2

et al. 2015

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“…10g-i) have key role for the source of water vapor and convection during the active monsoon conditions (Rajeevan et al 2013). The evaporation also plays an important role on ISM precipitation (Pokhrel et al 2012). Trenberth et al (2003) have shown that as the evaporation rate increases, the availability of the low level moisture convergence leads to intensification of precipitation.…”

Section: Role Of Microphysical Tendency Terms (Production Rates) and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Indian summer monsoon precipitating clouds: role of microphysical process rates

et al. 2015

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the formation of cloud ice as revealed by the observation. Freezing rates at upper level and snow accretion at middle level may have effect on latent heating release. Further it can modulate the north-south temperature gradient which can influence the large-scale monsoon dynamics. The rain water evaporation is also considered as a key aspect for controlling the low level moisture convergence (source of water vapor) in ISM. This study has highlighted the importance of detailed microphysical production rates for warm and mixed-phase cloud processes, which is a major source of uncertainty in the climate models. Better understanding of these processes will definitely add value to the present generation climate models. Therefore the hypothesis/pathway emerged from the present study may be helpful for the future model development research.

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Evaporation-precipitation variability over Indian Ocean and its assessment in NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFSv2)

Cited by 63 publications

References 77 publications

A Lagrangian perspective of the hydrological cycle in the Congo River basin

A Lagrangian perspective of the hydrological cycle in the Congo River basin

Predictability of global monsoon rainfall in NCEP CFSv2

Indian summer monsoon precipitating clouds: role of microphysical process rates

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