Evaluative conditioning leads to differences in the social evaluation of prototypical faces

Kocsor, Ferenc; Bereczkei, Tamás

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.08.007

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The concept of affective space is anchored to face recognition models [ 7 , 8 ], and is also present in research on person perception [ 38 , 39 ]. Affective space is considered as a two-dimensional categorization system, where faces are assigned a place based on the emotions they evoke in the perceiver [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mental representation of occupational stereotypes is driven as much by their affective as by their semantic content

et al. 2022

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Background Studies on person perception showed that stereotypes can be activated by presenting either characteristic traits of group members, or labels associated to these groups. However, it is not clear whether these pieces of semantic information activate negative and positive stereotypes directly, or via an indirect cognitive pathway leading through brain regions responsible for affective responses. Our main objective with this study was to disentangle the effects of semantic and affective contents. To this end, we intended to scrutinize whether the representation of occupational labels is independent of the emotions they evoke. Methods Participants (N = 73, M = 27.0, SD = 9.1, 31 men 42 women,) were asked to complete two tasks presented online. In the first task they had to arrange 20 occupational labels—randomly chosen from a pool of 60 items—in a two-dimensional space, moving the mouse pointer along two undefined axes. In a second task the axes’ names were defined a priori. Subjects were asked to arrange the labels according to valence, the extent to which the word evoked pleasant or unpleasant feelings, and arousal, the extent to which the word evoked excitement or calmness. Results Based on the final coordinates of the labels, two cluster analyses were carried out separately in the two tasks. The two clusters were compared with Fisher’s exact test, which revealed that the cluster structures overlap significantly. Conclusions The results suggest that the spontaneous categorization and the semantic representation of occupations rely largely on the affective state they evoke. We propose that affective content might have a primacy over detailed semantic information in many aspects of person perception, including social categorization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mental representation of occupational stereotypes is driven as much by their affective as by their semantic content

et al. 2022

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“…data-driven model of stereotypes, e.g., (3)], or expectations held of a group [theory-driven model, e.g., (4)], or re ect a combination of the two models (5). It extends to physical appearance, interest, occupations or any similar characteristics held by a group of people (6)(7)(8)(9). Since categorization is an inherent part of all perception (10), stereotypes are activated automatically along the perception of an individual (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Stereotypes Evoked By Occupational Labelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of affective space is anchored to face recognition models (7,8), and is also present in research on person perception (34,35). Affective space is considered as a two-dimensional categorization system, where faces are assigned a place based on the emotions they evoke in the perceiver (36).…”

Section: Affective Processing During Face Encoding -A Model For Understanding Abstract Representationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mental Representation of Occupational Stereotypes is Driven As Much By Their Affective As By Their Semantic Content

Kocsor¹,

Ferencz²,

Kisander³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Studies on person perception showed that stereotypes can be activated by presenting either characteristic traits of group members, or labels associated to these groups. However, it is not clear whether these pieces of semantic information activate negative and positive stereotypes directly, or via an indirect cognitive pathway leading through brain regions responsible for affective responses. To disentangle the effects of semantic and affective contents, first we intended to scrutinize whether the representation of occupational labels is independent of the emotions they evoke.Methods: Participants (N = 71, M=27.0, SD=9.1, 31 men 42 women,) were asked to complete two tasks presented online. In the first task they had to arrange 20 occupational labels—randomly chosen from a pool of 60 items— in a two-dimensional space, moving the mouse pointer along two undefined axes. In a second task the axes’ names were defined a priori. Subjects were asked to arrange the labels according to valence, the extent to which the word evoked pleasant or unpleasant feelings, and arousal, the extent to which the word evoked excitement or calmness. Results: Based on the final coordinates of the labels, two cluster analyses were carried out separately in the two tasks. The two clusters were compared with Fisher’s exact test, which revealed that the cluster structures overlap significantly.Conclusions: The results suggest that the semantic representation of occupations relies largely on the affective state they evoke. We propose that affective content might have a primacy over detailed semantic information in many aspects of person perception, including categorization and face recognition.

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“…Evaluative conditioning (EC) has been used to study how pairing an object or person with emotional stimuli changes the evaluation of an object or person. For example, Kocsor and Bereczkei showed that those faces previously paired with positive images were rated as more trustworthy than other faces paired with negative images [ 3 , 4 ]. Thus, emotional information surrounding a face can influence facial perception.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affective evaluation of images influences personality judgments through gaze perception

Shirai

Ogawa

2020

PLoS ONE

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Faces that consistently shifted the gaze to subsequent target locations in a gaze cueing task were chosen as being more trustworthy than faces that always looked away from the target, suggesting that the validity of a gaze cue influenced the viewers’ judgments regarding the trustworthiness of human faces. We investigated whether the gaze cueing effect and judgments regarding the personality conveyed by a face would be affected by the valence of a target. A face image moved its eyes to the left or the right, and an emotional target image (positive, negative, or neutral) appeared to left or right of the face. Participants had to indicate the location of this target by pressing a key. The target image was preceded by a face that shifted its gaze to the target image (valid cue), a face that directed its gaze to the opposite side (invalid cue), or a face that did not move its eyes (no cue). The perceived trustworthiness of the face was evaluated after the gaze-cueing task. Results showed that faces that looked at positive targets were evaluated as more trustworthy than faces that looked at negative targets. However, the valence of the targets did not affect trustworthiness ratings in invalid and no-cue conditions. We suggest that integrated information about the predictability of the gaze cue and the valence of the gaze target modulates impressions about the personality of the face.

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Evaluative conditioning leads to differences in the social evaluation of prototypical faces

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

The mental representation of occupational stereotypes is driven as much by their affective as by their semantic content

The mental representation of occupational stereotypes is driven as much by their affective as by their semantic content

The Mental Representation of Occupational Stereotypes is Driven As Much By Their Affective As By Their Semantic Content

Affective evaluation of images influences personality judgments through gaze perception

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