We report a novel method, ChooseLD (CHOOse biological information Semi-Empirically on the Ligand Docking), which uses simulated annealing (SA) based on bioinformatics for protein-ligand flexible docking. The fingerprint alignment score (FPAScore) value is used to determine the docking conformation of the ligand. This method includes the matching of chemical descriptors such as fingerprints (FPs) and the root mean square deviation (rmsd) calculation of the coordinates of atoms of the chemical descriptors. Here, the FPAScore optimization for the translation and rotation of a rigid body is performed using the Metropolis Monte Carlo method. Our ChooseLD method will find wide application in the field of biochemistry and medicine to improve the search for new drugs targeting various proteins implicated in diseases.Key words flexible docking; in-silico screening; fingerprint; Tanimoto coefficient; simulated annealing; CHOOse biological information Semi-Empirically on the Ligand Docking Many protein targets implicated in diseases have been discovered through biochemical experiments.1,2) As a result, the competition between pharmaceutical companies and other organizations to discover drug-like compounds, which inhibit or activate those protein targets, is fierce.3,4) Experimental screening for drug-like compounds has usually been performed using an industrial robot to determine the interaction of the compound with a drug target protein. Since the cost of such screening is extremely high, in-silico screening of compounds for potential activity against the target protein is becoming popular. Many pharmaceutical companies are using in-silico screening programs, such as DOCK 5) AutoDock 6) and GOLD 7) created by Ewing et al., Goodsel et al. and Jones et al., respectively. DOCK 4.0 is a program used for automated molecular docking of flexible molecules, where the intermolecular interaction is described with the nonbonded terms of the AMBER 8) molecular mechanic potential of Lennard Jones, 12-6 dispersion term and 12-10 hydrogen bond term. AutoDock also uses the Lennard Jones 12-6 dispersion and 12-10 hydrogen bond terms. The screening program GOLD is based on a different 8-4 dipersion 7) force field. All three programs, DOCK, AutoDock and GOLD, use classical mechanical potentials. Here, we report a novel method, ChooseLD (CHOOse biological information SemiEmpirically on the Ligand Docking), which uses simulated annealing based on bioinformatics for protein-ligand flexible docking. Our docking method is mainly based on information such as fingerprint (FP) of a chemical descriptor, with some use of available information on the predicted protein structure and X-ray or NMR structures of protein-ligand complexes. Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of our protein-ligand docking protocol. In the upper left corner of the diagram, we placed a target protein of interest and aim to select one or more ligands with low molecular weight. The query amino acid sequence of the target protein is aligned in a filter with a CE Z-Score of 3.7 ...