Evaluation of Ultrasound Combined with Chitosan for the Control of Weight and Local Fat in Mice

Liao, Ai‐Ho; Ma, Wan-Chun; Wu, Ming‐Fang

doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.04.025

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Miwa et al [ 15 ] also experimented with low-intensity ultrasound of 0.5 MHz and 1 MHz at 0.5 W/cm 2 intensity on human thighs, which resulted in significantly decreased subcutaneous fat thickness but unchanged body weight. Liao et al [ 16 ] investigated the use of 1 MHz ultrasound at 2 W/cm 2 alone and in combination with chitosan feeding for weight reduction in mice. Test results showed that, for ultrasound treatment only, local fat pad thickness was decreased but the weight change was limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on Fat Reduction of Rat Model

Zhou

Leung

Sun

2017

BioMed Research International

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Nonfocused low-intensity ultrasound is generally believed to be less efficacious than High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) at body fat reduction; nevertheless, this technology has already been widely used clinically for body contouring purposes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this new technology by applying 1 MHz nonfocused ultrasound at 3 W/cm2 to the outer-thigh region of rat models. Ultrasonography measurement demonstrated an average reduction of 0.5 mm of subcutaneous fat thickness that persisted for at least three days after treatment. Biochemical analysis quantified a significant increase in lipid levels, specifically triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol. These two findings of subcutaneous fat reduction and plasma lipid increase showed a positive correlation. No evidence of adverse events or complications was observed after the treatment. This study validated nonfocused low-intensity ultrasound as an effective and safe method for body fat reduction, especially with repetitive treatment. However, the concurrent increase in plasma lipid level will require further investigation to determine this technology's long-term impact, if any, on health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on Fat Reduction of Rat Model

Zhou

Leung

Sun

2017

BioMed Research International

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“…Plasma lipid levels of TCHO, TG and LDL‐C were markedly lower (p < 0.05) in the HB, HU and HUB groups than in the H group, indicating that either lactobacilli or US treatment can reduce hyperlipidemia in HFD mice. In our previous study, we found that combination therapy with chitosan and US enhanced the reduction in plasma lipid levels in mice fed a normal diet, whereas either chitosan or US treatments significantly lowered only the plasma levels of TCHO and LDL‐C, and US alone did not lower plasma TG (Liao et al., ). Furthermore, another study found a fivefold increase in lymph‐fluid TG and an alteration in adipocyte permeability following non‐focused US treatment in HFD animals (Dinno et al., ; Garcia and Schafer, ; Dyson and Suckling, ; ter Haar, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. # denotes significant difference from control (H) group, p < 0.05. plasma lipid levels in mice fed a normal diet, whereas either chitosan or US treatments significantly lowered only the plasma levels of TCHO and LDL-C, and US alone did not lower plasma TG (Liao et al, 2013). Furthermore, another study found a fivefold increase in lymph-fluid TG and an alteration in adipocyte permeability following non-focused US treatment in HFD animals (Dinno et al, 1989;Garcia and Schafer, 2013;Dyson and Suckling, 1978;ter Haar, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also recently been proposed that probiotics affect metabolic programming and possess anti‐obesity effects (Aronsson et al., ). In a previous study, we investigated the combined use of a putative fat‐reducing dietary supplement, chitosan, which is used to treat hyperlipidemic diseases and fatty liver, and ultrasound (US) to control body weight and local fat deposition in normal‐diet mice over a 5‐week experimental period (Liao et al., ). We found that this combination therapy significantly decreased local fat pad deposition, body weight and plasma lipid levels in these mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combining ultrasound and lactobacilli treatment for high‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity in mice

Liao

Jiang

et al. 2016

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Chronic systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation can cause obesity. In animal experiments, lactobacilli have been shown to inhibit obesity by modifying the gut microbiota, controlling inflammation and influencing the associated gene expression. A previous study found that high-fat-diet-induced (HFD) obesity was suppressed by lactobacilli ingestion in rats via the inhibition of parasympathetic nerve activity. This study explored the combined use of lactobacilli ingestion and ultrasound (US) to control body weight and body fat deposition in HFD mice over an 8-week experimental period. Male C57BL/6J mice received an HFD during treatment and were randomly divided into four groups: (i) control group (H), (ii) lactobacilli alone (HB), (iii) US alone (HU) and (iv) lactobacilli combined with US (HUB). The US was targeted at the inguinal portion of the epididymal fat pad on the right side. At the 8th week, body weight had decreased significantly in the HUB group (15.56 ± 1.18%, mean ± SD) group compared with the HU (26.63 ± 0.96%) and H (32.62 ± 5.03%) groups (p < 0.05). High-resolution microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) scans revealed that the reduction in total body fat volume was significantly greater in the HUB group (69%) than in the other two experimental groups (HB, 52%; HU, 37%; p < 0.05). The reductions in the thickness of the subcutaneous epididymal fat pads were significantly greater in the HUB group (final thickness: 340 ± 7 μm) than in the H (final thickness: 1150 ± 21 μm), HB (final thickness: 1060 ± 18 μm) and HU (final thickness: 370 ± 5 μm) groups (all p < 0.05). Combination therapy with lactobacilli and US appears to enhance the reduction in body weight, total and local body fat deposition, adipocyte size and plasma lipid levels over an 8-week period over that achieved with lactobacilli or US alone in HFD mice. These results indicate that US treatment alone can reduce hyperlipidemia in HFD mice.

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“…Sumiyoshi and Kimura [22] found that low-molecular-weight chitosan reduces liver triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels in mice that are fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Moreover, it has been shown that chitosan inhibits weight gain in obese animals and significantly reduces blood lipid levels in animal models of hyperlipidemia [23, 24]. Therefore, in this study, chitosan was expected to enhance the oral absorption, as well as the hepatoprotective and lipid-lowering effects, of silymarin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Chitosan-functionalized lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for oral delivery of silymarin and enhanced lipid-lowering effect in NAFLD

Liang

Liu

et al. 2018

J Nanobiotechnol

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BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic disease that causes excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. Reducing hepatic lipid deposition is a key issue in treatment and inhibition of NAFLD evolution. Silymarin is a potent hepatoprotective agent; however, it has low oral bioavailability due to its poor aqueous solubility and low membrane permeability. Unfortunately, few studies have addressed the development of convenient oral nanocarriers that can efficiently deliver silymarin to the liver and enhance its lipid-lowering effect. We designed silymarin-loaded lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles containing chitosan (CS-LPNs) to improve silymarin bioavailability and evaluated their lipid-lowering effect in adiponutrin/patatin-like phospholipase-3 I148M transgenic mice, an NAFLD model.ResultsCompared to chitosan-free nanoparticles, CS-LPNs showed 1.92-fold higher uptake by fatty liver cells. Additionally, CS-LPNs significantly reduced TG levels in fatty liver cells in an in vitro lipid deposition assay, suggesting their potential lipid-lowering effects. The oral bioavailability of silymarin from CS-LPNs was 14.38-fold higher than that from suspensions in rats. Moreover, compared with chitosan-free nanoparticles, CS-LPNs effectively reduced blood lipid levels (TG), improved liver function (AST and ALT), and reduced lipid accumulation in the livers of mice in vivo. Reduced macrovesicular steatosis in pathological tissue after CS-LPN treatment indicated their protective effect against liver steatosis in NAFLD.ConclusionsCS-LPNs enhanced oral delivery of silymarin and exhibited a desirable lipid-lowering effect in a mouse model. These findings suggest that CS-LPNs may be a promising oral nanocarrier for NAFLD therapeutics.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-018-0391-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Evaluation of Ultrasound Combined with Chitosan for the Control of Weight and Local Fat in Mice

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

The Effects of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on Fat Reduction of Rat Model

The Effects of Low-Intensity Ultrasound on Fat Reduction of Rat Model

Combining ultrasound and lactobacilli treatment for high‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity in mice

Chitosan-functionalized lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for oral delivery of silymarin and enhanced lipid-lowering effect in NAFLD

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