Evaluation of Total Phenolic Compounds and Insecticidal and Antioxidant Activities of Tomato Hairy Root Extract

Abstract

Tomatoes are one of the most consumed crops in the whole world because of their versatile importance in dietary food as well as many industrial applications. They are also a rich source of secondary metabolites, such as phenolics and flavonoids. In the present study, we described a method to produce these compounds from hairy roots of tomato (THRs). Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4 was used to induce hairy roots in the tomato explants. The Ri T-DNA was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the rolC gene. Biomass accumulation of hairy root lines was 1.7-3.7-fold higher compared to in vitro grown roots. Moreover, THRs efficiently produced several phenolic compounds, such as rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid, colorogenic acid, and caffeic acid. Gallic acid [34.02 μg/g of dry weight (DW)] and rutin (20.26 μg/g of DW) were the major phenolic acid and flavonoid produced by THRs, respectively. The activities of reactive oxygen species enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) were quantified. The activity of catalase in THRs was 0.97 ± 0.03 mM H2O2 min(-1) g(-1), which was 1.22-fold (0.79 ± 0.09 mM H2O2 min(-1) g(-1)) and 1.59-fold (0.61 ± 0.06 mM H2O2 min(-1) g(-1)) higher than field grown and in vitro grown roots, respectively. At 100 μL/g concentration, the phenolic compound extract caused 53.34 and 40.00% mortality against Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura, respectively, after 6 days. Surviving larvae of H. armigera and S. litura on the phenolic compound extract after 6 days showed 85.43 and 86.90% growth retardation, respectively.

Production of glucosinolates, phenolic compounds and associated gene expression profiles of hairy root cultures in turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapa)

“…Kim et al (2009) stated that hairy roots produced higher amounts of catechin, rutin, quercetin, caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic and gallic acids than non-transgenic roots of Fagopyrum tataricum . Similar to our reports, chlorogenic, protocatechuic, and ferulic acid content was higher in hairy roots than that in non-transformed roots of tomato (Singh et al 2014). Consistently, hairy root cultures have been used for the large-scale production of chlorogenic acid derivatives in Stevia rebaudiana (Fu et al 2015).…”

Physicochemical Characteristics, Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Compounds of Tomatoes Fertigated With Different Nitrogen Rates

“…It plays an important role in human health as a rich source of lycopene, which is used for cancer treatments. Tomato fruits are cultivated in fields or greenhouses (FERRARI et al, 2008;ALDRICH et al, 2010;ABDEL-MONAIM et al, 2012;LIU et al, 2014;SINGH et al, 2014).…”

Evaluation of phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities from transgenic hairy root cultures of gherkin ( Cucumis anguria L.)

“…These compounds include aliphatic, aromatic and fatty acids, sterols, enzymes, phenolics, flavonoids, and other secondary metabolites (Singh et al, 2014). Agrobacterium rhizogenes, a gram-negative soil bacterium, causes hairy root disease in plants.…”