Evaluation of the use of blast furnace slag as an additive in mortars

Abstract

Clinker is the raw material used in the manufacture of cement. However, this material is very harmful to the environment, since it is estimated that for every ton of clinker produced, about 1.0 ton of CO 2 is released into the atmosphere. For this reason, alternatives were sought for the use of other materials that are less harmful to the environment. This has led to the use of industrial by-products with the aim of increasing their use and thus reducing the amount of carbon released into the atmosphere. Blast furnace slag is a by-product used in the manufacture of some cementitious products. The aim of this research is to conduct a study on the use of slag as an additive for cement or concrete. The mortar samples were tested according to Brazilian, American and European technical standards. Physical, chemical and compressive strength tests were carried out which confirmed the possibility of using the slag without chemical or thermal activation.

The Impact of Waste Generated from Thermal Transformation of Municipal Wate on Selected Properties of Cement Mortar

“…EPS and PS waste was used to modify both cement concrete and polymer concrete, using it as an admixture that plasticizes and reduces the amount of water in the concrete mixture. The technology for producing these materials also uses waste fly ash, silica dust, ground blast furnace slag, and ash from biofuels Ulewicz, 2017, 2021;Pribulova et al, 2016;Jura 2020Jura , 2023Kalak et al, 2023;Popławski 2019;Cardoso, 2022). The work (Kalak et al, 2023) shows that the addition of SSFA as a by-product of the combustion of municipal sewage sludge did not reduce the compressive strength, therefore it can be successively used.…”

Analysis of the Impact of Sludge and Slag Waste on the Basic Properties of Cement Mortars

“…Ulewicz and, bio-silica (Muradyan et al, 2023), concrete and cement waste (Kalinowska-Wichrowska, 2022) as well as ash from the combustion of agricultural and municipal waste and sewage sludge (Kalak et al, 2023;Pietrzak, 2019) on the properties of composites with a cement matrix. The literature also contains reports on the use of waste from the iron, aluminum and copper metallurgy for the production of cement-based composite materials (Ahmad et al, 2022;Bae et al, 2021;Brachaczek et al, 2023;Cardoso et al, 2022;Faraone et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2019;Lehner et al, 2022;Lis and Nowacki, 2022;Mohit, 2014;Nazer et al, 2021;Pizoń et al, 2020;Rashad, 2014;Rashad, 2022;Rooholamini et al, 2019;Santamaría et al, 2020;Santamaría-Vicario et al, 2016;Yee Leng Ng et al, 2022;). Waste from the steel industry has been of interest to scientists for many years, because the majority of it is still deposited in landfills.…”

“…In Europe, only 40% of steel slag is effectively processed, of which 69.9% is used for road construction (Rashad, 2022). This material, like other waste from the steel industry (blast furnace slag, sludge or ash from electric arc furnaces), is used in laboratory tests as a substitute for cement or aggregate in concrete (Ahmad et al, 2022;Lee et al, 2019;Lehner et al, 2022;Rashad, 2022) and cement mortars (Bae et al, 2021;Brachaczek et al, 2023;Cardoso et al, 2022;Lehner et al, 2022;Rashad, 2014;Santamaría et al, 2020;Santamaría-Vicario et al, 2016). Despite numerous studies, it is not possible to clearly determine their impact on the basic properties of the materials produced, as the review work (Rashad, 2022) shows, because the chemical composition of waste generated by the metallurgical industry is very diverse and these materials were used to a different extent.…”

Deposition of Ti-Based Thin Films on AISI 1020 Steel Substrates Using the Cathodic Cage Plasma Deposition Technique

“…These classes of materials have a carbon content of up to 0.30%, which means that their surface properties (tribological properties, oxidation and corrosion resistance) are worse than those of other steel grades. To improve the surface properties of steels, some processes are used, such as heat treatment processes, carburizing, nitriding, nitrocarburizing, boriding and plasma spraying [43][44][45][46][47][48] .…”