Evaluation of the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

Usery, Justin B.; Vo, Ngan H.; Finch, Christopher K.; Cleveland, Kerry O.; Gelfand, Mikhail S.; Self, Timothy H.

doi:10.1097/maj.0000000000000338

Cited by 13 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…8 Blood stream infections are a leading cause of death in the United States, and S. aureus is responsible for approximately 20% of nosocomial bacteremia cases, half of which are MRSA. 9 MRSA bacteremia (MRSAB) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, increased hospital length of stay and health care costs. 3,7,[9][10][11] In comparison to methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), MRSA is associated with longer median time to clearance of bacteremia of 8 to 9 days versus 3 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 MRSA bacteremia (MRSAB) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, increased hospital length of stay and health care costs. 3,7,[9][10][11] In comparison to methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA), MRSA is associated with longer median time to clearance of bacteremia of 8 to 9 days versus 3 days. [11][12][13] Persistent bacteremia is associated with increased incidence of a metastatic site of infection, and ultimately, poorer outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Factors linked with vancomycin treatment failures include the drug's slow bactericidal activity, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ≥2 µg/mL, emergence of hVISA, and difficulty in attaining optimal vancomycin serum concentrations. [9][10][11]16,17 As with vancomycin, treatment failures have also been observed with daptomycin. In clinical trials, the emergence of reduced susceptibilities to daptomycin while on therapy has been associated with treatment failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ceftaroline as Salvage Monotherapy for Persistent MRSA Bacteremia

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“…Against L31, the activity of daptomycin 6 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg alone was significantly greater than daptomycin (either dose) plus linezolid at 48 h (mean difference, 1.82 to 2.43; P Ͻ 0.01). The differences in activity between linezolid-containing regimens (linezolid alone, linezolid plus vancomycin, daptomycin plus linezolid) were not sta- (1,26). Notably, a landmark study by Lepper et al demonstrated an increase in mortality in meningitis patients receiving tetracycline-penicillin combination therapy over that in patients receiving the same penicillin dose alone (27).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Some combination regimens are being used clinically but lack data to support their combined use (1). High-dose daptomycin and linezolid were recommended for use as a combination therapy in the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2011 methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) treatment guidelines for persistent bacteremia or vancomycin failure (2).…”

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Observed Antagonistic Effect of Linezolid on Daptomycin or Vancomycin Activity against Biofilm-Forming Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Model

Luther

LaPlante

2015

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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c Pharmacodynamic activity in antibiotic combinations of daptomycin, vancomycin, and linezolid was investigated in a 48-h in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Using human-simulated free drug concentrations, activity against clinical biofilm-forming methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates was evaluated. Linezolid antagonized vancomycin activity at 24 and 48 h. Linezolid antagonized daptomycin at 24 and 48 h depending on dose and strain. Adding daptomycin increased vancomycin activity at 48 h (P < 0.03). These results may be strain dependent and require further clinical investigation. There is recent increased interest in the activity of protein synthesis inhibitors in combination with cell wall-active agents. Some combination regimens are being used clinically but lack data to support their combined use (1). High-dose daptomycin and linezolid were recommended for use as a combination therapy in the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2011 methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) treatment guidelines for persistent bacteremia or vancomycin failure (2). However, other in vitro studies have demonstrated antagonism with combinations of linezolid and vancomycin (3, 4). To date, there have been limited investigations of daptomycin and linezolid in combination (5, 6). The combined use of these agents prompted an investigation into pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activity and possible interactions when using combinations of bactericidal and bacteriostatic antimicrobials as previously described (7,8).(A portion of these results were presented as a poster at the 53rd annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy [ICAAC], Denver, CO, 10 September 2013.) Two randomly selected clinical MRSA blood isolates (L31 and L328) from the LaPlante Laboratory at the Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center were selected for analysis. The two isolates are known biofilm-producing strains, previously isolated from patients with catheter-related bloodstream infections (9). Biofilm formation was determined as previously described (9, 10). Daptomycin (lot CDC271; Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Lexington, MA), linezolid (lot 11C10U10, 13F05U09; Pfizer, New York, NY), and vancomycin (lot 12070DD, 382553A; Hospira, Lake Forest, IL) were tested. Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA) supplemented with calcium and adjusted to 25 mg/liter calcium chloride (for daptomycin studies, 50 mg/ml of calcium chloride, ionized Ca, and 1.03 to 1.23 mmol/liter) and 12.5 mg/liter magnesium was used for all assays for MICs, minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), and in vitro pharmacodynamic (IVPD) infection models (11-13). Colony counts were determined using tryptic soy agar (TSA) (BD Difco).A previously described IVPD model was used to evaluate several antibiotic regimens against MRSA (7). Briefly, a 0.5 McFarland standard of planktonic bacteria from overnight growth on TSA was diluted in a one-compartment model (250-ml working volume) to a starting inoculum of ϳ10 6 CFU/ml. (14); ...

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The Golden Grapes of Wrath – Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Clinical Review

Lam

Stokes

2023

The American Journal of Medicine

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Evaluation of the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Ceftaroline as Salvage Monotherapy for Persistent MRSA Bacteremia

Ceftaroline as Salvage Monotherapy for Persistent MRSA Bacteremia

Observed Antagonistic Effect of Linezolid on Daptomycin or Vancomycin Activity against Biofilm-Forming Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Model

The Golden Grapes of Wrath – Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Clinical Review

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