Evaluation of the Superior Labial Musculomucosal Flap in Dogs: An Angiographic Study and Case Report

Doyle, Cody P.; Degner, Daniel A.

doi:10.1055/s-0039-1677746

Cited by 8 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…They originate from the external carotid artery (71). Veins follow a similar path, nearby the arterial web, eventually draining in the maxillary and linguofacial veins, themselves merging in the external jugular vein, that constitutes the main collecting vessel of the head (65,66,(70)(71)(72). After sending off the inferior labial artery, just rostral to the masseter muscle and medial to the digastric muscle, at the level of the of the mandibular lymph nodes, the facial artery runs caudo-rostrally between the platysma and the buccinator muscle into the cheek opposite to the last molar teeth and divides into the angularis oris and superior labial arteries; the angularis oris is usually thicker at its origin than the superior labial artery (66,70,71).…”

Section: Middle and Lower Facementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The caudal half of the superior lip is vascularized by the superior labial artery. This vascular territory is connected through anastomoses to the rostral half supplied by the infraorbital artery (72). The inferior labial artery runs rostrally along the orbicularis oris muscle from the ventral border of the mandible just rostral to the masseter muscle.…”

Section: Middle and Lower Facementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inferior labial artery runs rostrally along the orbicularis oris muscle from the ventral border of the mandible just rostral to the masseter muscle. It supplies ∼60% of the lower lip (72). In the rostral part of the lower lip, the inferior labial artery anastomoses with the caudal mental branch of the inferior alveolar artery at the caudal mental foramen (66).…”

Section: Middle and Lower Facementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FAMM flap is considered a robust and versatile reconstructive option for small to medium size defects of the oral cavity or oropharynx in humans (53,75,86). Similarly, axial pattern myomucosal flaps harvested from the oral mucosa and based on collaterals of the facial artery, the angularis oris and/or superior labial arteries, respectively, have been described in dogs (72,87). In their original description of the angularis oris axial pattern buccal flap in two dogs, Bryant et al used a skin incision through the cheek to identify the vascular structure and design the buccal mucosal flap (87).…”

Section: Reconstruction Techniques Oral Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible rostral advancement of the flap to the level of the canine tooth has been described when the flap is islandized (87). Nevertheless, islandization takes the risk of damage to the vascular supply of the flap at its base and cannot be systematically recommended (72). A wide based flap preserving the mucosal layer over the pedicle and avoiding the island design increases the chance of inclusion of venous drainage, which is fundamental for flap survival in the first weeks (76,(91)(92)(93).…”

Section: Reconstruction Techniques Oral Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Locoregional Flap Reconstruction Following Oromaxillofacial Oncologic Surgery in Dogs and Cats: A Review and Decisional Algorithm

Guzu

Rossetti²,

Hennet

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Primary treatment of most oromaxillofacial tumors in dogs and cats is resective surgery. Management of malignant tumors may be very challenging as wide/radical free-margin surgical removal must be achieved while preserving vital functions. Removal of orofacial tumors may result in large defects exposing the oral cavity or creating a communication with the nasal, pharyngeal, or orbital cavities. Such defects require orofacial reconstruction in order to restore respiratory and manducatory functions. The veterinary surgeon must be familiar with reconstructive techniques in order to prevent the inability of closing the defect, which could lead to an insufficient resection. Small oral defects exposing the nasal cavity are best closed with local random mucosal flaps. Closure of large oral defects may be better achieved with a facial or major palatine-based axial-pattern flap. Small to moderate facial defects can be closed with local advancement or transposition skin flaps. Reconstruction of large facial defects often requires the use of locoregional axial pattern flaps such as the caudal auricular, the superficial temporal, or the facial (angularis oris) myocutaneous axial pattern flaps. Recent publications have shown that the facial (angularis oris) flap is a very versatile and reliable flap in orofacial reconstructive surgery. A surgical decision algorithm based on the size, nature, and location of the defect is proposed.

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Section: Middle and Lower Facementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Middle and Lower Facementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Middle and Lower Facementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reconstruction Techniques Oral Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reconstruction Techniques Oral Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Locoregional Flap Reconstruction Following Oromaxillofacial Oncologic Surgery in Dogs and Cats: A Review and Decisional Algorithm

Guzu

Rossetti²,

Hennet

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Random mucosal rotating flaps for rostral to mid maxillary defect reconstruction: 26 dogs (2000‐2019)

Carroll¹,

Morello²,

Olimpo³

et al. 2022

J of Small Animal Practice

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To evaluate the feasibility and the complications following single or double random mucosal rotating (transposition or interpolation) flaps for the closure of rostral to mid maxillary defects in dogs. Materials and MethOds: Medical records of dogs treated with single or double random mucosal rotating flaps after maxillectomy for oral lesions or traumatic loss of tissue, were evaluated. Clinical findings, surgery performed, outcome and postoperative complications (major and minor) were extracted. results: Twenty-six client-owned dogs were retrospectively included. Dogs underwent maxillectomy for canine acanthomatous ameloblastomas (9), oral squamous cell carcinomas (4), peripheral odontogenic fibromas (4), oral melanomas (3), oral fibrosarcomas (2), dentigerous cysts (2) and oral osteosarcoma (1) and trauma resulting in an oronasal fistula (1). Twenty-three dogs underwent a single transposition or interpolation flap and three dogs were treated with a double transposition flap. Postoperative complications, including dehiscence or flap necrosis, occurred in six dogs. clinical significance: Random mucosal rotating (transposition or interpolation) flaps are versatile when used to close rostral maxillary defects in dogs. Postoperative complications appear to be more likely when these flaps are used to close mid maxillary defects.

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Hard palate defect repair by using haired angularis oris axial pattern flaps in dogs

Nakahara¹,

Mitchell²,

Straw

et al. 2020

Veterinary Surgery

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ObjectiveTo describe the repair of large hard palate defects with a haired angularis oris axial pattern flap (HAOF) and to report the postoperative outcome.Study designAnatomical cadaver study and short case series.AnimalsOne cadaver and three dogs with neoplasia of the caudal hard palate.MethodsLarge caudal and central hard palate defects were reconstructed by using the HAOF. The flap, composed of full‐thickness skin and buccal mucosa, was rotated at the base of the angularis oris artery. The haired surface of the skin flap was placed facing into the oral cavity.ResultsReconstruction of defects extending as far rostral as the maxillary canine tooth were feasible on the cadaver. The flap in dog 1 healed without complication and was intact at day 649 after surgery. Two minor areas of dehiscence were noted in dog 2, without further evidence of complications at 1331 days after surgery. Dog 3 had upper respiratory obstructive noise due to swelling immediately after surgery. These signs resolved, but local recurrence of the tumor prompted euthanasia at day 86.ConclusionAnatomical studies provide evidence that the HAOF can be used to reconstruct caudal and central hard palate defects extending to the maxillary canine teeth. Its clinical use led to successful closure of such defects in three dogs.Clinical significanceHAOF provides an alternative for reconstruction of large defects of the caudal and central hard palate.

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Evaluation of the Superior Labial Musculomucosal Flap in Dogs: An Angiographic Study and Case Report

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Locoregional Flap Reconstruction Following Oromaxillofacial Oncologic Surgery in Dogs and Cats: A Review and Decisional Algorithm

Locoregional Flap Reconstruction Following Oromaxillofacial Oncologic Surgery in Dogs and Cats: A Review and Decisional Algorithm

Random mucosal rotating flaps for rostral to mid maxillary defect reconstruction: 26 dogs (2000‐2019)

Hard palate defect repair by using haired angularis oris axial pattern flaps in dogs

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