Evaluation of the nutritional value of bee pollen by palynological, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and elemental characteristics

Türk Tarım Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi

2022

Bee pollen contains many nutrients, including minerals. Elements are minor substances of bee pollen, they play a crucial role in identifying its quality. As a food supplement, concentrations of essential macro and microelements, and harmful trace elements have to be verified to determine its quality and safety. This study aimed to identify the element contents of bee pollens from different botanic sources. Firstly, we applied melissopalynological analysis to find the botanical origins of bee pollen samples. Then, it was determined the concentrations of 13 elements in the samples. Element concentration was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Potassium (K) occurred at the highest concentrations in samples (8666.67-9623.33), followed by magnesium (Mg) (808.08-672.08), sodium (Na) (263.00-349.67), calcium (Ca) (261.33-294), iron (Fe) (96.00-110), Zn (33.77-57.00), Manganese (Mn) (20.15-33.85), Copper (Cu) (5.27-9.60), Nickel (Ni) (1.13-2.48), Chromium (Cr) (1.95-2.20), Selenium (Se) (0.72-1.03) and Cobalt (Co) (0-008) respectively as mg kg-1. Target hazard quotients (THQ), hazard index (HI), and recommended daily allowance (RDA) values were calculated with these results. Considering the THQ values, it was determined that the consumption of bee pollen was safe for adults, but not suitable for consumption by children. At the same time it was concluded from this study that bee pollen can be a good mineral source in terms of essential elements, K, Mg, Se, Mn, Na, Ca, Fe, Cu., and Cr

Section: Element Contentsupporting

confidence: 93%

Evaluation of bee pollen from different botanical sources with elemental analysis

Temizer

Türk Tarım Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi

2022

“…Depending on the various impacts of the compounds, different extraction procedures can be used to obtain the highest recovery of phenolic compounds [40] . In this investigation, ethanol was chosen as a solvent because, according to a few studies, it improves the recovery of chemical components from bee products [41,42] . As a result, five samples of BB were tested for total phenolic and flavonoid content.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3.3À 4.3 2.3À 3.0 1.2À 1.3 2.7À 2.9 DPPH * mg TEAC/g DW 2.7 � 0.2 [c] 5.5 � 0.0 [a] 4.3 � 0.1 [b] 1.4 � 0.3 [d] 2.0 � 0.3 [d] 2.6À 2.9 5.4À 5.5 4.2À 4.4 1.2À 1.8 1.8À 2.3 ABTS * + mg/TEAC/g DW 4.7 � 0.3 [c] 14.9 � 0.6 [a] 7.9 � 0.4 [b] 4.0 � 1.4 chosen as a solvent because, according to a few studies, it improves the recovery of chemical components from bee products. [41,42] As a result, five samples of BB were tested for total phenolic and flavonoid content. The concentrations of phenolic compounds range from 5.6 � 0.1 to 11.4 � 0.4 mg GAE/g DW, while flavonoids have concentrations ranging from 1.2 � 0.1 to 3.9 � 0.56 mg QE/g DW.…”

Section: Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content And Antioxidant Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Botanical Origin, Phenolic Compounds, Carotenoids, and Antioxidant Properties of Monofloral and Multifloral Bee Bread

Chemistry & Biodiversity

Şeker

Temizer

et al. 2023

Self Cite

Bee bread is a unique natural product made by bees and good for human health. It has many bioactive molecules that can treat or prevent diseases. In this study, melissopalynological methods were used to examine five bee bread samples. Major plant sources found in bee bread were Lotus spp., Trifolium spp., and Xeranthemum spp., which are from the Fabaceae and Asteraceae families. Then, the amount of phenolic compounds and major carotenoids in bee bread (BB) samples were quantified. Gallic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol were found in all BB samples, with β-carotene being the most abundant carotenoid in all but BB1. In addition, the total phenolic/flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of all BB samples were determined. Total flavonoid, total phenolic, DPPH * , and ABTS * + values were varied between 5.6 -10.00 mg GAE/g DW, 1.2 -4.3 mg QE/g DW, 1.2 -5.5 mg TEAC/g DW, and 2.6-15.4 mg TEAC/g DW, respectively.

“…The honey bee, Apis mellifera , collects flower pollen grains, moistens them with their mouth secretions and nectar, collects them in the pollen baskets on the hind legs as corbicular pellets, and brings them to the hive [24] . Bee pollen is reported as a healthy food with various nutritional and therapeutic properties [25] . It has been determined in the literature that silver and iron NPs are synthesized using bee pollen extract [26–28] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[24] Bee pollen is reported as a healthy food with various nutritional and therapeutic properties. [25] It has been determined in the literature that silver and iron NPs are synthesized using bee pollen extract. [26][27][28] This study was aimed to perform the synthesis of bee pollen extract based MgNPs with a cost-effective green method without calcination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Neurotoxicity (in Sh‐Sy5y Cell Lines) Properties of Mg Nanoparticle System (BP@MgNPs) Prepared by Green Synthesis with Bee Pollen

Bildir

Chemistry & Biodiversity

Kaya

2023

Self Cite

Due to their distinct characteristics and possible uses in a variety of disciplines, nanoparticles have attracted a lot of attention recently. One area of interest is the synthesis of nanoparticles using natural sources such as bee pollen. The research aims to evaluate the usability of bee pollen extract‐based magnesium nanoparticles (MgNPs). First, a palynological study was used to determine the plant source of bee pollen. The nanoparticle was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed cubic‐shaped MgNPs with an average size range of 36–40 nm. Afterward, nanoparticles were evaluated for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and neurotoxic properties. It was determined that the total antioxidant capacity, phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC) content, DPPH radical scavenging, and antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles were lower than pollen extract. At the same time, nanoparticles have less toxicity than bee pollen.