Evaluation of the Hot Ductility of a C&amp;ndash;Mn Steel Produced from Scrap Recycling

Calvo, Jessica; Cabrera, J.M.; Ahmad, Razi; Yue, Stephen

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.47.1518

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Since the vacancy concentration increases with temperature, stronger segregation is expected higher reheating temperatures because of the higher temperature gradient between the reheating and the test temperatures. 142 In summary, the results presented here demonstrate a behaviour that is consistent with the effect of TNGS temperature difference instead of an explanation those based on precipitation, phase equilibrium, or equilibrium segregation.…”

Section: Widening and Deepening Of Ductility Troughsupporting

confidence: 88%

Unified mechanism of intergranular embrittlement based on non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation

Liu

Wang

et al. 2013

International Materials Reviews

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The review is aimed at presenting a unified approach in understanding the mechanism of nonequilibrium grain boundary segregation, which can satisfactorily describe the three types of intergranular embrittlement, namely, reverse temper embrittlement of steels, intergranular corrosion embrittlement of stainless steels and intermediate temperature embrittlement of metals and alloys. The review starts with a broad perspective of non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation, including thermally induced non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation and stress induced non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation. Next, it focuses on the recent progress made in the non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation, including (1) critical time, (2) segregation peak temperature, (3) segregation peak temperature movement for thermally induced and stress induced non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation, and (4) the effect of temperature difference on thermally-induced non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation. Next, the attention is focused on the grain boundary coverage of elements and intergranular embrittlement phenomena. Three types of intergranular embrittlement is analysed in terms of (1) the ductility healing effect induced by the critical time, (2) embrittlement peak or ductility trough induced by the segregation peak temperature, (3) embrittlement peak or ductility trough movement induced by the segregation peak temperature movement and (4) widening and deepening of ductility trough induced by differences in temperature. These experimental phenomena concerning the three types of intergranular embrittlement are consistent with the models of thermally induced and stress induced non-equilibrium grain boundary segregations of impurities, instead of precipitation or equilibrium grain boundary segregation. Towards the end, we visit the subject of grain boundary segregation and associated embrittlement process from the viewpoint of fracture resistance and briefly discuss different perspectives that are of practical significance. List of symbolsA constant b the Burger's vector B Norton coefficient C b (t c ) grain boundary concentration at critical time C b(s50) equilibrium concentration of solute at the grain boundaries C g concentration of solute within the grains C v s~0 ð Þ equilibrium vacancy concentration at grain boundaries C v s~s ð Þ grain boundary vacancy concentration induced by the tensile stress D b the diffusivity D c diffusion coefficients for complexes under or in absence of applied tensile stress D i diffusion coefficients for solute atoms under or in absence of applied tensile stress E the elastic or Young's modulus -E the embrittlement sensitivity in K/at-% of solute at the grain boundary E b formation energy of vacancy solute atom complex International Materials Reviews 2013 VOL 58 NO 5263 E f vacancy formation energy E gb the elastic or Young's modulus of grain boundary region F v the formation energy of a vacancy in the boundary region H Z intergranular Auger peak to peak height of an element normalised with the ...

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Section: Widening and Deepening Of Ductility Troughsupporting

confidence: 88%

Unified mechanism of intergranular embrittlement based on non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation

Liu

Wang

et al. 2013

International Materials Reviews

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“…[21,25,26] Therefore, any decrease in concentration of these elements at grain boundaries can improve hot ductility. This decrease can be achieved by the application of predeformation immediately after the solidification of steel.…”

Section: Fractography and Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Hot Ductility Improvement of a Peritectic Steel Containing Vanadium Using Very-High-Temperature Compression

Ahmad¹,

Zarandi²,

Yue³

2008

Metall Mater Trans A

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The loss of hot ductility in the temperature range 700°C to 1100°C in carbon and low-alloy steels has been the subject of many investigations. Microalloyed steels with compositions near the peritectic have a coarse as-cast structure and large columnar grains that encourage grain boundary sliding, and also increase the crack aspect ratio and the density of the intergranular precipitates, resulting in loss of hot ductility and cracking during continuous casting. Recent work has shown that thermomechanical processing could improve the hot ductility of a hypoperitectic steel. In this study, a peritectic vanadium steel and also carbon steel as a reference were used to evaluate the hot ductility when the specimens were subjected to very hightemperature deformation. The tensile specimens were melted and solidified in situ on a 20 KN servohydraulic testing machine. Once the solidification was completed, compressive deformation was performed on the specimens in the temperature range 1400°C to 1300°C during cooling. The hot ductility was then evaluated using conventional isothermal testing at temperatures ranging from 700°C to 1100°C. It was found that applying such a deformation can refine the as-cast, dendritic structure, and consequently clean grain boundaries as a result of grain boundary migration, the latter being observed by Auger electron spectroscopy.

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“…Therefore, it means that interdendritic microsegregation is the cause of failure mode described at the highest testing temperature. This fracture mechanism may be acting at minor scale, and may be related with reminiscent microsegregations of solidification inducing an interdendritic fracture component [75]. Zarandi et al [63] related this fracture behavior with some energy release through an alleviation of stress concentration due to the fast opening or propagation of cracks at grain boundary and/or a sudden rupture in some parts of the specimen.…”

Section: Fracture Surface Analysis On Hot Ductilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ti and B microadditions on the hot ductility behavior of a High-Mn austenitic Fe–23Mn–1.5Al–1.3Si–0.5C TWIP steel

Mejı́a

Salas-Reyes

Calvo

et al. 2015

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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a b s t r a c tThis research work studies the effect of combined Ti and B microadditions and the solidification route on the hot ductility behavior of a high-Mn austenitic Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steel. For this purpose, uniaxial hot tensile tests were carried out at different temperatures between 700 and 1100°C under a constant strain rate of 10. The hot ductility was determined by measuring the reduction of transverse area (%RA) after specimen rupture. Characterization was performed by SEM-EBSD and TEM techniques in order to identify the relationship between microstructural features and cracking phenomena. Results indicate that the early occurrence of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) at the intermediate temperature range (800-900°C) is the favorable mechanism that enhances the ductility, achieving RA values up to 82%. These high RA values are discussed in terms of the boron effect on the improvement of the grain-boundaries cohesion through non-equilibrium segregation, and Ti(C,N) precipitation, which reduces the formation of harmful precipitates such as BN and AlN. Additionally, the Fe 23 (B,C) 6 and B 4 C compounds were identified, which are less detrimental to hot ductility than boron-nitride compounds. Finally, the fracture surfaces of the present TWIP steels in the temperature range of the highest ductility indicate that the failure mode is of the ductile type as evidenced by the presence of many dimples.

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Evaluation of the Hot Ductility of a C–Mn Steel Produced from Scrap Recycling

Cited by 27 publications

References 33 publications

Unified mechanism of intergranular embrittlement based on non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation

Unified mechanism of intergranular embrittlement based on non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation

Mechanism of Hot Ductility Improvement of a Peritectic Steel Containing Vanadium Using Very-High-Temperature Compression

Effect of Ti and B microadditions on the hot ductility behavior of a High-Mn austenitic Fe–23Mn–1.5Al–1.3Si–0.5C TWIP steel

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