Evaluation of the Histo-Epidemiological Profile of Solid Childhood Cancers in Togo

Abstract

Background: Cancer is a subject of continuing concern, more common in adults than in children, but often with a poor outcome in the latter. Our study set itself the objective to describe the epidemiological and histological aspects of solid cancers in children in Togo. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study focused on cases of solid cancers in children diagnosed from 2010 to 2014 (5 years) at the pathology laboratory of the Tokoin teaching hospital. Data were collected from the records of that laboratory. Results: We collected 66 cases of childhood cancer representing 5% of all solid cancers. The annual incidence was 13.2 cases. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.4; mean age was of 7.2±1.6 years. The age group most affected was that of 5-9 years (40.9%). Four histological groups of solid childhood cancers were listed: lymphoma (n=34 cases; 51.5%), embryonic cancer (n=17 cases; 25.8%), sarcomas (n=13 cases; 19.7%) and carcinoma (n=2 cases; 3%). The most common histological types were Burkitt lymphoma (36.4%), nephroblastoma (10.6%) and retinoblastoma (10.6%). Conclusions: This study shows that solid cancers in children are relatively frequent in Togo with a male predominance. They are still largely dominated by Burkitt lymphoma, followed by retinoblastoma and nephroblastoma.

Cervical Adenopathy of the Children in Tropical Context: Clinico-Pathological Study

“…The diagnosis is mentioned in particular on the negativity of the IDR and the histology which reveals a granuloma epithelioid gigantocellular without casein or Bacillus of Koch [20]. We observed only 3 cases of cervical metastases, concordant with the data of the literature which stipulates that the metastases in general are very rare head of the child [17].…”

“…The high incidence of Burkitt's lymphoma in some parts of Africa is related to malaria endemicity in these areas. Indeed, the malaria associated with the Epstein-Barr virus would favor the occurrence of Burkitt's lymphoma [17]. Burkitt's lymphoma is also more common in immunocompromised children, whether congenital or acquired (HIV infection, suppressor therapy after marrow or organ transplantation) [17].…”

“…Indeed, the malaria associated with the Epstein-Barr virus would favor the occurrence of Burkitt's lymphoma [17]. Burkitt's lymphoma is also more common in immunocompromised children, whether congenital or acquired (HIV infection, suppressor therapy after marrow or organ transplantation) [17]. However, in western countries, Hodgkin's disease is more common than non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and occurs in older children, around 10 years [18].…”

Cervical lymphadenopathy of Togolese children in a tropical context: clinicopathological study

“…8,15 Childhood cancers in tropical environments are mainly non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the Burkitt type. [16][17][18] This is known to be linked to the endemicity of malaria and the EBV. 16 Burkitt's lymphoma is also more common in the immunocompromised patient.…”

Prostate cancers in men under the age of 50: about a series in Togo, Sub-Saharan Africa

“…In 2020, prostate cancer was the 4th most diagnosed cancer in the world in terms of incidence, with 1.4 million new cases representing 7.3% of all diagnosed cancers and responsible for 375 thousand deaths [ 2 ]. Histologically, it is adenocarcinoma in more than 90% of cases; squamous cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma are very rare [ 3 , 4 ].…”