Evaluation of the growth of chondrocytes and osteoblasts seeded into precision scaffolds fabricated by fused deposition manufacturing

Hsu, Shan‐hui; Yen, Hung-Jen; Tseng, Ching-Shiow; Cheng, Chia-Sheng; Tsai, Ching-Lin

doi:10.1002/jbm.b.30626

Cited by 59 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Although there are some studies into the 3D printing of scaffolds based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) [19,20] very few analyze the effects the architecture of the scaffold may have on cell proliferation, and none develop schematic procedures or methods aimed at retaining any knowledge gained. Grémare et al, [21] studied the physicochemical and biological properties of PLA scaffolds produced by 3D printing (FFF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Scaffold Parameter Selection System with Additive Manufacturing for a Biomedical Cell Culture

et al. 2018

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Open-source 3D printers mean objects can be quickly and efficiently produced. However, design and fabrication parameters need to be optimized to set up the correct printing procedure; a procedure in which the characteristics of the printing materials selected for use can also influence the process. This work focuses on optimizing the printing process of the open-source 3D extruder machine RepRap, which is used to manufacture poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds for cell culture applications. PCL is a biocompatible polymer that is free of toxic dye and has been used to fabricate scaffolds, i.e., solid structures suitable for 3D cancer cell cultures. Scaffold cell culture has been described as enhancing cancer stem cell (CSC) populations related to tumor chemoresistance and/or their recurrence after chemotherapy. A RepRap BCN3D+ printer and 3 mm PCL wire were used to fabricate circular scaffolds. Design and fabrication parameters were first determined with SolidWorks and Slic3r software and subsequently optimized following a novel sequential flowchart. In the flowchart described here, the parameters were gradually optimized step by step, by taking several measurable variables of the resulting scaffolds into consideration to guarantee high-quality printing. Three deposition angles (45°, 60° and 90°) were fabricated and tested. MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells and NIH/3T3 murine fibroblasts were used to assess scaffold adequacy for 3D cell cultures. The 60° scaffolds were found to be suitable for the purpose. Therefore, PCL scaffolds fabricated via the flowchart optimization with a RepRap 3D printer could be used for 3D cell cultures and may boost CSCs to study new therapeutic treatments for this malignant population. Moreover, the flowchart defined here could represent a standard procedure for non-engineers (i.e., mainly physicians) when manufacturing new culture systems is required.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Scaffold Parameter Selection System with Additive Manufacturing for a Biomedical Cell Culture

et al. 2018

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“…Furthermore, repair of this tissue in the absence of bioactive signals oftentimes results in the repair of a defect with fibrocartilage which is inferior in compressive strength compared to articular cartilage [6, 7]. As such previous efforts have focused on creating scaffolds composed of processed excised cartilage, scaffolds composed solely of isolated collagen and/or glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), as well as engineered three-dimensional scaffolds coated with cartilaginous ECM components [5, 8-13]. ECM coated polymeric scaffolds garner the benefits of both the natural and synthetic components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and indirect co-culture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells for the generation of polymer/extracellular matrix hybrid constructs

et al. 2014

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In this work, the influence of direct cell-cell contact in co-cultures of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and chondrocytes for the improved deposition of cartilage-like extracellular matrix (ECM) within nonwoven fibrous poly(∊ -caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds was examined. To this end, chondrocytes and MSCs were either co-cultured in direct contact by mixing on a single PCL scaffold or via indirect co-culture whereby the two cell types were seeded on separate scaffolds which were then cultured together in the same system either statically or under media perfusion in a bioreactor. In static cultures, the chondrocyte scaffold of an indirectly co-cultured group generated significantly greater amounts of glycosaminoglycan and collagen than the direct co-culture group initially seeded with the same number of chondrocytes. Furthermore, improved ECM production was linked to greater cellular proliferation and distribution throughout the scaffold in static culture. In perfusion cultures, flow had a significant effect on the proliferation of the chondrocytes. The ECM contents within the chondrocyte containing scaffolds of the indirect co-culture groups either approximated or surpassed the amounts generated within the direct co-culture group. Additionally, within bioreactor culture there were indications that chondrocytes had an influence on the chondrogenesis of MSCs as evidenced by increases in cartilaginous ECM synthetic capacity. This work demonstrates that it is possible to generate PCL/ECM hybrid scaffolds for cartilage regeneration by utilizing the factors secreted by two different cell types, chondrocytes and MSCs, even in the absence of juxtacrine signaling.

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“…While cell therapy for tissue engineering needs further consideration and regulation on source selection, and cell phenotype stability, which slows the development of clinical treatment, acellular approaches have been explored in regenerative medicine [6]. In the field of engineering scaffolds utilizing 3D printing technology, the acellular scaffolds approaches have much more choices in terms of materials and processing conditions compared to the cell laden approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printing PLGA: a quantitative examination of the effects of polymer composition and printing parameters on print resolution

et al. 2017

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In the past few decades, 3D printing has played a significant role in fabricating scaffolds with consistent, complex structure that meet patient-specific needs in future clinical applications. Although many studies have contributed to this emerging field of additive manufacturing, which includes material development and computer-aided scaffold design, current quantitative analyses do not correlate material properties, printing parameters, and printing outcomes to a great extent. A model that correlates these properties has tremendous potential to standardize 3D printing for tissue engineering and biomaterial science. In this study, we printed poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) utilizing a direct melt extrusion technique without additional ingredients. We investigated PLGA with various lactic acid: glycolic acid (LA:GA) molecular weight ratios and end caps to demonstrate the dependence of the extrusion process on the polymer composition. Micro-computed tomography was then used to evaluate printed scaffolds containing different LA:GA ratios, composed of different fiber patterns, and processed under different printing conditions. We built a statistical model to reveal the correlation and predominant factors that determine printing precision. Our model showed a strong linear relationship between the actual and predicted precision under different combinations of printing conditions and material compositions. This quantitative examination establishes a significant foreground to 3D print biomaterials following a systematic fabrication procedure. Additionally, our proposed statistical models can be applied to couple specific biomaterials and 3D printing applications for patient implants with particular requirements.

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Evaluation of the growth of chondrocytes and osteoblasts seeded into precision scaffolds fabricated by fused deposition manufacturing

Cited by 59 publications

References 23 publications

Design of a Scaffold Parameter Selection System with Additive Manufacturing for a Biomedical Cell Culture

Design of a Scaffold Parameter Selection System with Additive Manufacturing for a Biomedical Cell Culture

Direct and indirect co-culture of chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells for the generation of polymer/extracellular matrix hybrid constructs

3D printing PLGA: a quantitative examination of the effects of polymer composition and printing parameters on print resolution

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