Evaluation of the genotoxicity of lac dye

Nonclinical safety evaluation of food colorant lac dye via systematic toxicity profiling with assessment of in vivo antigenic potential

“…Finally, we showed that LD did not have mutagenicity nor clastogenicity through the results of genotoxicity tests and no cancerous legion was observed in the repeated-dose toxicity study. These results were highly consistent with the previous findings from the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity studies ( Banerjee et al, 1984 ; Dube et al, 1984 ), providing another line of evidence to support its lack of genotoxicity.…”

“…Although lac dye is currently listed as a food additive in China, Japan, and Korea and 2 mg/kg/day is set as the acceptable daily intake in India ( Francis, 1996 ; Shin, 2016 ), its entomological origin, similar to cochineal, made us question whether it is sufficiently safe to be used for such purposes. Several studies have been performed to answer this question, and it has been found that the colorant was relatively safe with none to low toxicity in rodents when fed up to 5% in a diet ( Sakamoto et al, 1998 ; Sakamoto et al, 2000 ) or a 1000 mg/kg BW ( Thombare et al, 2017 ) and nongenotoxic in in vitro assays ( Banerjee et al, 1984 ). Nonetheless, the potential of lac dye to function as an antigen and thereby cause hypersensitivity has remained unexplored.…”

Nonclinical safety evaluation of food colorant lac dye via systematic toxicity profiling with assessment of in vivo antigenic potential

“…Finally, we showed that LD did not have mutagenicity nor clastogenicity through the results of genotoxicity tests and no cancerous legion was observed in the repeated-dose toxicity study. These results were highly consistent with the previous findings from the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity studies ( Banerjee et al, 1984 ; Dube et al, 1984 ), providing another line of evidence to support its lack of genotoxicity.…”

“…Although lac dye is currently listed as a food additive in China, Japan, and Korea and 2 mg/kg/day is set as the acceptable daily intake in India ( Francis, 1996 ; Shin, 2016 ), its entomological origin, similar to cochineal, made us question whether it is sufficiently safe to be used for such purposes. Several studies have been performed to answer this question, and it has been found that the colorant was relatively safe with none to low toxicity in rodents when fed up to 5% in a diet ( Sakamoto et al, 1998 ; Sakamoto et al, 2000 ) or a 1000 mg/kg BW ( Thombare et al, 2017 ) and nongenotoxic in in vitro assays ( Banerjee et al, 1984 ). Nonetheless, the potential of lac dye to function as an antigen and thereby cause hypersensitivity has remained unexplored.…”

Lac water extract inhibits IFN-γ signaling through JAK2-STAT1-IRF1 axis in human melanoma

“…The water extract of lac, known as a lac dye, is a natural pigment, which is commonly used as food colorant. 22 The main components of lac water extract are laccaic acids, a series of hydroxyanthraquinoid derivatives, namely laccaic acid A, B, C, and E. 21,23 Although various pharmacological activities of either lac dye or the laccaic acids have been reported, including anti-cancer, anti-microbial and anti-genotoxic activities, 24–26 the detailed mechanism of the actions of lac dye or the laccaic acids is not well-understood. In this study, we found that lac water extract (Lac) inhibits IFN-γ signaling through the JAK2-STAT1-IRF1 axis.…”

Reproductive and neurobehavioural effects of lac dye administered in the diet to mice

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Nonclinical safety evaluation of food colorant lac dye via systematic toxicity profiling with assessment of in vivo antigenic potential

“…Finally, we showed that LD did not have mutagenicity nor clastogenicity through the results of genotoxicity tests and no cancerous legion was observed in the repeated-dose toxicity study. These results were highly consistent with the previous findings from the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity studies ( Banerjee et al, 1984 ; Dube et al, 1984 ), providing another line of evidence to support its lack of genotoxicity.…”

“…Although lac dye is currently listed as a food additive in China, Japan, and Korea and 2 mg/kg/day is set as the acceptable daily intake in India ( Francis, 1996 ; Shin, 2016 ), its entomological origin, similar to cochineal, made us question whether it is sufficiently safe to be used for such purposes. Several studies have been performed to answer this question, and it has been found that the colorant was relatively safe with none to low toxicity in rodents when fed up to 5% in a diet ( Sakamoto et al, 1998 ; Sakamoto et al, 2000 ) or a 1000 mg/kg BW ( Thombare et al, 2017 ) and nongenotoxic in in vitro assays ( Banerjee et al, 1984 ). Nonetheless, the potential of lac dye to function as an antigen and thereby cause hypersensitivity has remained unexplored.…”

Lac water extract inhibits IFN-γ signaling through JAK2-STAT1-IRF1 axis in human melanoma

“…The water extract of lac, known as a lac dye, is a natural pigment, which is commonly used as food colorant. 22 The main components of lac water extract are laccaic acids, a series of hydroxyanthraquinoid derivatives, namely laccaic acid A, B, C, and E. 21,23 Although various pharmacological activities of either lac dye or the laccaic acids have been reported, including anti-cancer, anti-microbial and anti-genotoxic activities, 24–26 the detailed mechanism of the actions of lac dye or the laccaic acids is not well-understood. In this study, we found that lac water extract (Lac) inhibits IFN-γ signaling through the JAK2-STAT1-IRF1 axis.…”

Reproductive and neurobehavioural effects of lac dye administered in the diet to mice

“……”

Nonclinical safety evaluation of food colorant lac dye via systematic toxicity profiling with assessment of in vivo antigenic potential

“…Finally, we showed that LD did not have mutagenicity nor clastogenicity through the results of genotoxicity tests and no cancerous legion was observed in the repeated-dose toxicity study. These results were highly consistent with the previous findings from the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity studies ( Banerjee et al, 1984 ; Dube et al, 1984 ), providing another line of evidence to support its lack of genotoxicity.…”

“…Although lac dye is currently listed as a food additive in China, Japan, and Korea and 2 mg/kg/day is set as the acceptable daily intake in India ( Francis, 1996 ; Shin, 2016 ), its entomological origin, similar to cochineal, made us question whether it is sufficiently safe to be used for such purposes. Several studies have been performed to answer this question, and it has been found that the colorant was relatively safe with none to low toxicity in rodents when fed up to 5% in a diet ( Sakamoto et al, 1998 ; Sakamoto et al, 2000 ) or a 1000 mg/kg BW ( Thombare et al, 2017 ) and nongenotoxic in in vitro assays ( Banerjee et al, 1984 ). Nonetheless, the potential of lac dye to function as an antigen and thereby cause hypersensitivity has remained unexplored.…”

Lac water extract inhibits IFN-γ signaling through JAK2-STAT1-IRF1 axis in human melanoma

“…The water extract of lac, known as a lac dye, is a natural pigment, which is commonly used as food colorant. 22 The main components of lac water extract are laccaic acids, a series of hydroxyanthraquinoid derivatives, namely laccaic acid A, B, C, and E. 21,23 Although various pharmacological activities of either lac dye or the laccaic acids have been reported, including anti-cancer, anti-microbial and anti-genotoxic activities, 24–26 the detailed mechanism of the actions of lac dye or the laccaic acids is not well-understood. In this study, we found that lac water extract (Lac) inhibits IFN-γ signaling through the JAK2-STAT1-IRF1 axis.…”

Reproductive and neurobehavioural effects of lac dye administered in the diet to mice

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