Evaluation of the genetic susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome by the CAPN10 SNP19 gene in the population of South Benin

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial disorder whose etiology is resulting from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Calpain 10 (CAPN10) is the first gene associated with type 2 diabetes that has been identified by positional cloning with sequencing method. This gene codes for cysteine protease; ubiquitously expressed in all tissues, it is involved in the fundamental physiopathological aspects of insulin resistance and insulin secretion of type 2 diabetes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the genetic susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome by the CAPN10 gene in the population of southern Benin. This study involved apparently healthy individuals' aged 18 to 80 in four ethnic groups in southern Benin. It included 74 subjects with metabolic syndrome and 323 nonmetabolic syndrome patients who served as controls, with 222 women versus 175 men with an average age of 40.58 ± 14.03 years old. All subjects were genotyped for the SNP 19 polymorphism of the CAPN10 gene with the PCR method in order to find associations between this polymorphism and the metabolic syndrome. We found an association between this polymorphism and a risk of developing the metabolic syndrome only in the Tori and Nago ethnic groups. Genotype 1/1, a risk factor for the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome, is associated with environmental and nutritional factors in the four ethnic groups studied. The results of our study show that only the Goun and Nago ethnic groups have a genetic predisposition to the metabolic syndrome toward CAPN10 gene.