Evaluation of the efficiency of polyacrylamide and poly(MMA-HEMA) for the consolidation of vegetable-tanned leather artifacts

Abdel-Maksoud, Gomaa; Abdallah, Aya; Youssef, Rana Seif El-Eslam; Elsayed, Doha; Labib, Nesreen; Mohamed, Wael S.; Elhaes, Hanan

doi:10.1108/prt-02-2022-0014

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…One of the first indications of paper’s disintegration and age is its yellowing. The yellow and brown colors appeared in different parts of paper and leather binding, which may be due to the microbial contaminations that cause the manuscript components to become brittle and lose their mechanical properties and esthetic value [ 30 , 31 ]. Furthermore, when cellulose is subjected to unfavorable environmental conditions, it can produce acids such as lactic, formic, oxalic, and acetic acids, leading to more deterioration [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activity of Cell-Free Filtrate of Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC-7469 against Fungal Strains Isolated from a Historical Manuscript

Abdel-Nasser¹,

Abdel-Maksoud

Eid

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Herein, twelve fungal strains were isolated from a deteriorated historical manuscript dated back to the 18th century. The obtained fungal strains were identified, using the traditional method and ITS sequence analysis, as Cladosporium herbarum (two strains), Aspergillus fumigatus (five strains), A. ustus (one strain), A. flavus (two strains), A. niger (one strain), and Penicillium chrysogenum (one strain). The ability of these fungal strains to degrade the main components of the paper was investigated by their activity to secrete extracellular enzymes including cellulase, amylase, gelatinase, and pectinase. The cell-free filtrate (CFF) ability of the probiotic bacterial strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC-7469 to inhibit fungal growth was investigated. The metabolic profile of CFF was detected by GC-MS analysis, which confirmed the low and high molecular weight of various active chemical compounds. The safe dose to be used for the biocontrol of fungal growth was selected by investigating the biocompatibility of CFF and two normal cell lines, Wi38 (normal lung tissue) and HFB4 (normal human skin melanocyte). Data showed that the CFF has a cytotoxic effect against the two normal cell lines at high concentrations, with IC50 values of 525.2 ± 9.8 and 329.1 ± 4.2 µg mL−1 for Wi38 and HFB4, respectively. The antifungal activity showed that the CFF has promising activity against all fungal strains in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest antifungal activity (100%) was recorded for a concentration of 300 µg mL−1 with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) in the ranges of 21.3 ± 0.6 to 17.7 ± 0.5 mm. At a concentration of 100 µg mL−1, the activity of CFF remained effective against all fungal strains (100%), but its effectiveness decreased to only inhibit the growth of eight strains (66%) out of the total at 50 µg mL−1. In general, probiotic bacterial strains containing CFF are safe and can be considered as a potential option for inhibiting the growth of various fungal strains. It is recommended that they be used in the preservation of degraded historical papers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activity of Cell-Free Filtrate of Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC-7469 against Fungal Strains Isolated from a Historical Manuscript

Abdel-Nasser¹,

Abdel-Maksoud

Eid

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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“…Five measurements of each sample were used to calculate the average tensile strength and elongation. It should be highlighted that both before and after infection, all measurements were made in comparison to the control sample [37].…”

Section: E Mechanical Properties Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Eco-Friendly Approach Utilizing Green Synthesized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Leather Conservation against a Fungal Strain, Penicillium expansum AL1, Involved in the Biodeterioration of a Historical Manuscript

Fouda

Abdel-Nasser²,

Eid

et al. 2023

Biology

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The main hypothesis of the present research is investigating the efficacy of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) to prevent the growth of fungal strains when applied on leather under an experimental study. Therefore, fifteen fungal strains were isolated from a deteriorated historical manuscript (papers and leathers) and identified by traditional methods and ITS sequence analysis, including Aspergillus chevalieri (one isolate), A. nidulans (two strains), A. flavus (four strains), A. cristatus (one strain), A. niger (one strain), Paecilomyces fulvus (two strains), Penicillium expansum (two strains), and P. citrinum (two strains). The enzymes cellulase, amylase, pectinase, and gelatinase, which play a crucial role in biodegradation, were highly active in these fungal strains. TiO2-NPs were formed using the cell-free filtrate of the probiotic bacterial strain, Lactobacillus plantarum, and characterized. Data showed that the TiO2-NPs were successfully formed with a spherical shape and anatase phase with sizes of 2–8 nm. Moreover, the EDX analysis revealed that the Ti and O ions occupied the main component with weight percentages of 41.66 and 31.76%, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxicity of TiO2-NPs toward two normal cell lines, WI38 and HFB4, showed a low toxicity effect against normal cells (IC50 = 114.1 ± 8.1µg mL–1 for Wi38, and 237.5 ± 3.5µg mL–1 for HFB4). Therefore, concentrations of 100 μg mL–1 were used to load on prepared leather samples before inoculation with fungal strain P. expansum AL1. The experimental study revealed that the loaded TiO2-NPs have the efficacy to inhibit fungal growth with percentages of 73.2 ± 2.5%, 84.2 ± 1.8%, and 88.8 ± 0.6% after 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively. Also, the analyses including SEM, FTIR-ART, color change, and mechanical properties for leather inoculated with fungal strain AL1 in the absence of NPs showed high damage aspects compared to those inoculated with fungal strains in the presence of TiO2-NPs.

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“…The role of conservation processes is to protect the objects from adverse chemical action, increase their chemical stability, improve the appearance of the objects, give future resistance against unappropriated conditions, improve the mechanical properties, and reveal the aesthetic values [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopolymer applications for different treatments of the historical paper manuscripts and leather bindings: A Review

Abdel-Maksoud,

Nasr,

kassem

2023

Egypt. J. Chem.

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Biopolymers materials exhibit outstanding potential in various conservation applications of historical paper manuscripts and bookbinding due to their flexible functionalization and various characteristics. This study aims to make an integrated study for the different application purposes of natural and synthetic biopolymers that can be used in the conservation of historical paper manuscripts and leather bindings. This study discussed the different sources of biopolymers such as plants, animals, and microorganism sources. The different applications of biopolymers such as consolidation, adhesive, retanning, cleaning, gap filling, and lubrication, antifungal were explained. The chemical composition, advantages, disadvantages, and application techniques of biopolymers were also discussed. This study showed that there are many biopolymers used in the field of treatment of paper manuscripts and leather binding. Still, the most common was polysaccharides-based materials, which were used in the bio-consolidation of paper, and this was due to the compatibility in their characteristics with paper. Essential plant oils (tea tree, lavender, and thyme oils) and Chitosan are the most common biopolymers used as antimicrobials. Japanese papers and bacterial cellulose are the most appropriate materials for consolidation and completion of the missing and fragile parts of the papers and leathers. Polyurethanes, a synthetic biomaterial, were used as a coating to protect the leather from gas pollution. Beeswax protects the leather from pollution such as sulfur dioxide. This study is considered a guide for all conservators working on paper manuscripts and leather binding.

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Evaluation of the efficiency of polyacrylamide and poly(MMA-HEMA) for the consolidation of vegetable-tanned leather artifacts

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Antifungal Activity of Cell-Free Filtrate of Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC-7469 against Fungal Strains Isolated from a Historical Manuscript

Antifungal Activity of Cell-Free Filtrate of Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC-7469 against Fungal Strains Isolated from a Historical Manuscript

An Eco-Friendly Approach Utilizing Green Synthesized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles for Leather Conservation against a Fungal Strain, Penicillium expansum AL1, Involved in the Biodeterioration of a Historical Manuscript

Biopolymer applications for different treatments of the historical paper manuscripts and leather bindings: A Review

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