Evaluation of the Effect of Distal Femoral Elevation on Radiographic Measurement of the Anatomic Lateral Distal Femoral Angle

Abstract

Elevation of the distal femur had a significant effect on measured aLDFA at all elevations greater than 5°.

Repeatability and Reproducibility of Measurements of Femoral and Tibial Alignment Using Computed Tomography Multiplanar Reconstructions

“…The mean estimates of aLDFA (96.2°), AA (26.6°), mMPTA (90.5°), and TTD (1.1°), were similar to those previously reported. The mean CTA was 4.6° but there are no reports for comparison.…”

“…Radiographic measurement of aLDFA is susceptible to malpositioning . Changes in either inclination or rotation of the femur cause error in the measurement of femoral varus angle (femoral varus angle plus 90° is equivalent to the aLDFA). Dogs with limb malalignment may be difficult to position for radiography.…”

Computation of Femoral Canine Morphometric Parameters in Three‐Dimensional Geometrical Models

“…The literature contains several definitions and various methods to compute femoral head and neck axis . Consequently, different values of angles related to this axis have been reported.…”

“…The morphologic evaluation of canine femur has been limited, until recently, to multiple orthogonal radiographs . However, the femur has a complex 3‐dimensional (3D) configuration, and biplanar radiographic imaging is limited in accurately assessing and quantifying bone deformities . Standard radiography can be technically challenging and time consuming and is operator dependent .…”

“…The assessment of 3D canine femoral axes and angles is currently not reported in veterinary medicine. Canine femoral measurements related to frontal, sagittal, and transverse deformities have only been computed in biplanar projections, acquired from either 2D or 3D imaging models . The present study was designed to define a 3D methodology, introducing a consistent and quantitative method for the assessment of femoral morphometric parameters in 3D geometrical models.…”