Evaluation of the Chemical Composition, Bioactive Substance, Gas Production, and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Four Types of Distiller’s Grains

Abstract

Distiller’s grain is rich in natural active ingredients and can be used as an excellent antioxidant feed for goats. The current study aimed to assess the feeding value of four different types of distiller’s grains with an in vitro gas production trial. The chemical composition, total phenols, total anthocyanins, dry matter degradability, methane, hydrogen, and rumen fermentation parameters were evaluated. The results indicated that red distiller’s grain and glutinous rice distiller’s grain had higher (p < 0.05) levels of crude protein than the other two types. There were significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentrations of dry matter, ether extract, hemicellulose, and total carbohydrate in corn distiller’s grain than in the other three types of distiller’s grain. In addition, red distiller’s grain showed a higher (p < 0.05) gas production rate constant (c) and ruminal outflow rate, as well as higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of total phenol, total anthocyanins and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, than the other three types of distiller’s grains. In contrast, red distiller’s grain displayed the lowest (p < 0.05) immediately soluble fraction (a) and half the time of maximum gas production relative to the other samples. In particular, the levels of methane (%) in white distiller’s grain and glutinous rice distiller’s grain were greater (p < 0.05) than that in red distiller’s grain. Moreover, the ammonia nitrogen content in red distiller’s grain was greater (p < 0.05) than that in white distiller’s grain and corn distiller’s grain. In contrast, red distiller’s grain exhibited a lower (p < 0.05) level of ruminal fluid acetic acid relative to that found in white distiller’s grain and corn distiller’s grain. Taken together, the results showed that red distiller’s grain and glutinous rice distiller’s grain could be used as protein feed, red distiller’s grain had higher levels of total phenols and total anthocyanins and a high DPPH scavenging activity; corn distiller’s grain might be considered as an alternative energy source feed, and white distiller’s grain exhibited higher total gas production.

Differences in Chemical Composition, Polyphenol Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation among Sorghum Stalks

“…In the present study, M6 contained the lowest level of GP during the entire incubation period, probably because it contained higher levels of polyphenol compounds such as apigenin, genistin, vitexin, isovitexin, and aloe emodin, as well as higher total polyphenols; however, this assumption needs further validation. Nevertheless, our results are consistent those of with Lu et al [18], who showed that high-polyphenol feed could inhibit methane production, and result in a low level of GP, in in vitro ruminal fluid incubation.…”

“…Indeed, sorghum stalk, as a cheap crop, may be an ideal source of unconventional feed for ruminants. However, previous studies have analyzed total polyphenols using spectrophotometric methods; as a result, the subgroups of polyphenols are not yet fully understood [17,18], and the application of sorghum stalk remains restricted to some extent. Interestingly, polyphenol subgroups in sorghum stalks may be detected by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) technology.…”

Probiotic-Fermented Distillers Grain Alters the Rumen Microbiome, Metabolome, and Enzyme Activity, Enhancing the Immune Status of Finishing Cattle

“…Probiotics including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium may scavenge reactive oxygen species via their antioxidant system [27], enzyme-producing activity, and the regulation of host gastrointestinal microbiota to regulate the redox status of the host [12]. In addition, studies have proven that DG is rich in polyphenolic compounds with strong bioactive properties, including total phenols and anthocyanins [28], and exhibits strong antioxidant activities [29]. Li et al [30] found that dried distillers' grains containing solubles (DDGS) increased the activities of CAT, T-SOD, and GSH-Px in the serum of dairy cows.…”

Research progress in the resource reuse of distiller's grains

“…Therefore, the vast majority of distiller's grains processing technologies are based on the resource reuse of distiller's grains. A large number of studies have reported different resource utilization pathways of distiller's grains, as shown in Figure 1, including measures such as producing fuel, feed, and organic fertilizer from distiller's grains [1][2][3][4][5][6] . This article aims to summarize the current application status and development potential of distiller's grains in energy, agriculture, and food industries, as well as the opportunities and challenges for their application and development.…”