Evaluation of Tea Wastes in Usage Pulp and Paper Production

Abstract

The objective of this study was to characterize the properties of pulp and paper produced from tea (Camellia sinensis) wastes, an agricultural residue widely available in Turkey, using the kraft-anthraquinone (AQ) cooking method. The chemical components and fiber morphology of tea wastes were investigated. The results indicated that tea wastes had low holocellulose, cellulose, and α-cellulose contents and high lignin content. Also, the suitability of the fiber for pulp and paper production was examined, and the fiber length, fiber width, lumen diameter, and cell wall thickness were measured. According to these values, it was found that the strength properties of papers obtained from tea wastes were insufficient. Therefore, tea waste pulps were mixed with Turkish pine pulps at various ratios. Twelve different cooking experiments were performed on the tea wastes, and the cooking with the best pulp yield was used for mixing. The second cooking, with 0.1% AQ, gave the best yield (33.26%), an increase of about 3.51% compared to the first cooking with no AQ. The physical and optical properties of the papers were also examined. Results showed that paper properties were improved by increasing the Turkish pine pulp rate. Consequently, tea wastes can be used in pulp and paper production when combined with softwood pulps.

Investigation of Isatis Tinctoria and Isatis Buschiana Stalks as Raw Materials for Pulp and Paper Production

“…The fi ber parameters calculated with the fi ber characteristics are given in Table 4. Felting power is widely used to determine the suitability of raw material for paper production (Tutus et al, 2015). The felting power of I. tinctoria and I. buschiana were 39.7 and 38.1, respectively, and these values were close to the hardwoods.…”

“…Search for new non-wood raw materials will lead to discover alternatives to wood-based raw materials. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) stalks (Gencer et al, 2001; Tutus et al, 2010a), Crambe orientalis and C. tataria (Tutus et al, 2010b), and tea (Camellia sinensis) wastes (Tutus et al, 2015) were evaluated for their chemical composition and fi ber characteristics.…”

An exploratory evaluation of the pulpability of Brachystegia spiciformis and Pericopsis angolensis from the angolan miombo woodlands

“…Olufunmilayo (2013) reported for B. eurycoma a flexibility coefficient of 63%, while Eucalyptus coefficients are between 38 to 74% (Ona et al 2001, Dutt andTyagi 2011). Concerning rigidity coefficient, P. angolensis showed the highest value (47,3%) which influences negatively the tensile, tear and burst of handsheets (Tutus et al 2015).…”

“…The slenderness ratio is an important parameter related to the physical properties of handsheets such as strength, tear index, burst index and breaking length (Tutus et al 2015). According to those physical properties, the desirable slenderness ratio is between 70-90 in softwoods and 40-60 in hardwoods (Akgul and Tozluoglu 2009).…”

The Investigations on Pulp and Paper Production with Modified Kraft Pulping Method from Canola (Brassica napus L.) Stalks

“…In addition to these, sorghum, jute and hemp stalks are also used as raw materials in Turkey and world (Rousu, Rousis & Anttila, 2002;Ashori, 2006;SKSV, 2018). Plentiful studies have also been carried out on new raw material as a fiber source in pulp and paper industry (Sarwar, Nasima & Khalidul, 2006;Shatalov and Pereira, 2006;Tran, 2006;Wanrosli, Zainuddin, Lawb & Asro, 2007;Tutus, Cicekler, Ozdemir & Altas, 2014;Tutus, Kazaskeroglu & Cicekler, 2015;).…”