“…6 Given the advantages of low cost, small size and simple operation, the SCGD was applied in various contexts and for different samples, such as seawater, 3 waste water, 4,7-9 saline solutions, 10 brine, 11 ores 10,12 or stream sediments. 9,13 Moreover, analysis of nanoparticles by SCGD was recently reported, 14 as well as its application to analyze large biomolecules by coupling the SCGD to mass spectrometric detection. 15 The plasma-liquid interface in a running SCGD shows a complex behavior due to its rich chemical reactivity and the presence of different physical phenomena that, altogether, contribute to the transference of dissolved analyte ions in solution towards the plasma phase to be excited.…”