Evaluation of Serum S100B as a Surrogate Marker for Long-term Outcome and Infarct Volume in Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction

Abstract

Background: An easily accessible and valid surrogate marker for interventional stroke trials is needed. Objective: To investigate the usefulness of various S100B serum measures to predict long-term outcome and infarct volume in patients with acute stroke.

Glial and Axonal Body Fluid Biomarkers Are Related to Infarct Volume, Severity, and Outcome

“…20,22 Likewise the correlation of CSF S100B levels with stroke severity on admission is in line with previous results on serum S100B levels. 20,22 Consistent with our previous data on patients with traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid haemorrhage, 14 yet again there was no correlation between the CSF and serum levels of S100B. Likewise there was no correlation between CSF and serum NfH SMI35 levels.…”

Glial and Axonal Body Fluid Biomarkers Are Related to Infarct Volume, Severity, and Outcome

“…20,22 Likewise the correlation of CSF S100B levels with stroke severity on admission is in line with previous results on serum S100B levels. 20,22 Consistent with our previous data on patients with traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid haemorrhage, 14 yet again there was no correlation between the CSF and serum levels of S100B. Likewise there was no correlation between CSF and serum NfH SMI35 levels.…”

A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of Early Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke with Atorvastatin and Irbesartan

“…Treatment initiated a mean of 53 h after an acute ischemic event may be too late to influence the evolution of ischemic stroke lesions. This is consistent with evidence suggesting that the volume of ischemic core, measured within 6 h of stroke onset, and a single S100B measures obtained at 48 and 72 h after stroke onset, predict eventual clinical outcomes among stroke survivors (38,39). Our data support the hypothesis that, although the literature has examples of patients with persistent penumbra (28), in general acute stroke therapies need to be initiated in the very early phase of stroke to modify patient outcomes.…”

Elevated Serum S100B Levels Indicate a Higher Risk of Hemorrhagic Transformation After Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Stroke

“…Several previous reports show conclusively that S100B values are strongly correlated with final infarct volume if they are determined beyond 24 hours after symptom onset. [23][24][25][26] By contrast, S100B values determined within the hyperacute phase (Ͻ6 hours), as was the case in our study, were not significantly correlated. [23][24][25][26] Against this background, it is not surprising that we found serum S100B values in the normal range 20 in the majority of our patients, although they experienced acute stroke.…”

“…[23][24][25][26] By contrast, S100B values determined within the hyperacute phase (Ͻ6 hours), as was the case in our study, were not significantly correlated. [23][24][25][26] Against this background, it is not surprising that we found serum S100B values in the normal range 20 in the majority of our patients, although they experienced acute stroke. Following the penumbra concept, final infarct size is not definitively determined in the early stages of ischemic stroke, because successful thrombolytic therapy can result in small infarctions despite extensive misery perfusion initially.…”

Glial and Axonal Body Fluid Biomarkers Are Related to Infarct Volume, Severity, and Outcome

“…20,22 Likewise the correlation of CSF S100B levels with stroke severity on admission is in line with previous results on serum S100B levels. 20,22 Consistent with our previous data on patients with traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid haemorrhage, 14 yet again there was no correlation between the CSF and serum levels of S100B. Likewise there was no correlation between CSF and serum NfH SMI35 levels.…”

A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of Early Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke with Atorvastatin and Irbesartan

“…Treatment initiated a mean of 53 h after an acute ischemic event may be too late to influence the evolution of ischemic stroke lesions. This is consistent with evidence suggesting that the volume of ischemic core, measured within 6 h of stroke onset, and a single S100B measures obtained at 48 and 72 h after stroke onset, predict eventual clinical outcomes among stroke survivors (38,39). Our data support the hypothesis that, although the literature has examples of patients with persistent penumbra (28), in general acute stroke therapies need to be initiated in the very early phase of stroke to modify patient outcomes.…”

Elevated Serum S100B Levels Indicate a Higher Risk of Hemorrhagic Transformation After Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Stroke

“…Several previous reports show conclusively that S100B values are strongly correlated with final infarct volume if they are determined beyond 24 hours after symptom onset. [23][24][25][26] By contrast, S100B values determined within the hyperacute phase (Ͻ6 hours), as was the case in our study, were not significantly correlated. [23][24][25][26] Against this background, it is not surprising that we found serum S100B values in the normal range 20 in the majority of our patients, although they experienced acute stroke.…”

“…[23][24][25][26] By contrast, S100B values determined within the hyperacute phase (Ͻ6 hours), as was the case in our study, were not significantly correlated. [23][24][25][26] Against this background, it is not surprising that we found serum S100B values in the normal range 20 in the majority of our patients, although they experienced acute stroke. Following the penumbra concept, final infarct size is not definitively determined in the early stages of ischemic stroke, because successful thrombolytic therapy can result in small infarctions despite extensive misery perfusion initially.…”

Glial and Axonal Body Fluid Biomarkers Are Related to Infarct Volume, Severity, and Outcome

“…20,22 Likewise the correlation of CSF S100B levels with stroke severity on admission is in line with previous results on serum S100B levels. 20,22 Consistent with our previous data on patients with traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid haemorrhage, 14 yet again there was no correlation between the CSF and serum levels of S100B. Likewise there was no correlation between CSF and serum NfH SMI35 levels.…”

A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of Early Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke with Atorvastatin and Irbesartan

“…Treatment initiated a mean of 53 h after an acute ischemic event may be too late to influence the evolution of ischemic stroke lesions. This is consistent with evidence suggesting that the volume of ischemic core, measured within 6 h of stroke onset, and a single S100B measures obtained at 48 and 72 h after stroke onset, predict eventual clinical outcomes among stroke survivors (38,39). Our data support the hypothesis that, although the literature has examples of patients with persistent penumbra (28), in general acute stroke therapies need to be initiated in the very early phase of stroke to modify patient outcomes.…”

Elevated Serum S100B Levels Indicate a Higher Risk of Hemorrhagic Transformation After Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Stroke

“…Several previous reports show conclusively that S100B values are strongly correlated with final infarct volume if they are determined beyond 24 hours after symptom onset. [23][24][25][26] By contrast, S100B values determined within the hyperacute phase (Ͻ6 hours), as was the case in our study, were not significantly correlated. [23][24][25][26] Against this background, it is not surprising that we found serum S100B values in the normal range 20 in the majority of our patients, although they experienced acute stroke.…”

“…[23][24][25][26] By contrast, S100B values determined within the hyperacute phase (Ͻ6 hours), as was the case in our study, were not significantly correlated. [23][24][25][26] Against this background, it is not surprising that we found serum S100B values in the normal range 20 in the majority of our patients, although they experienced acute stroke. Following the penumbra concept, final infarct size is not definitively determined in the early stages of ischemic stroke, because successful thrombolytic therapy can result in small infarctions despite extensive misery perfusion initially.…”