Evaluation of rapid and standard tandem mass spectrometric methods to analyse veterinary drugs and their metabolites in antemortem bodily fluids from food animals

Shelver, Weilin L.; Chakrabarty, Shubhashis; Young, Jennifer M.; Byrd, Christopher J; Smith, David J.

doi:10.1080/19440049.2021.2006801

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In 2022, Shelver et al [ 38 ] reported the simultaneous analysis of clenbuterol, ractopamine, ractopamine–glucuronide, and salbutamol in both cattle urine and pig oral fluids by applying an identical extraction method for the different matrices. The sample matrix was mixed with ACN, MgSO 4 , and NaCl and then centrifuged.…”

Section: Beta-2 Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The elution gradient and the stationary phase were mostly similar. Chakrabarty et al [ 34 ] and Sherlver et al [ 38 ] opted for no chromatographic separation in the RS-ESI-MS set-up. All the other methods used C18 columns.…”

Section: Beta-2 Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A guard column was used four times [ 6 , 29 , 33 , 38 ], in part due to the insufficient sample pretreatment for LC-MS/MS quantitation. Overall, five authors [ 10 , 32 , 34 , 36 , 38 ] applied an isocratic method instead of gradient elution. All the flow rates were within an expected range for LC-MS/MS systems.…”

Section: Beta-2 Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sample Preparation Techniques for Growth-Promoting Agents in Various Mammalian Specimen Preceding MS-Analytics

Klöppner,

Harps,

Parr

2024

Molecules

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The misuse of growth-promoting drugs such as beta-2 agonists and steroids is a known problem in farming and sports competitions. Prior to the analysis of biological samples via liquid chromatography (LC)–mass spectrometry (MS) or gas chromatography (GC)–MS, sufficient sample preparation is required to reliably identify or determine the residues of drugs. In practice, broad screening methods are often used to save time and analyze as many compounds as possible. This review was conceptualized to analyze the literature from 2018 until October 2023 for sample preparation procedures applied to animal specimens before LC- or GC-MS analysis. The animals were either used in farming or sports. In the present review, solid phase extraction (SPE) was observed as the dominant sample clean-up technique for beta-2 agonists and steroids, followed by protein precipitation. For the extraction of beta-2 agonists, mixed-mode cation exchanger-based SPE phases were preferably applied, while for the steroids, various types of SPE materials were reported. Furthermore, dispersive SPE-based QuEChERs were utilized. Combinatory use of SPE and liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) was observed to cover further drug classes in addition to beta-2 agonists in broader screening methods.

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Section: Beta-2 Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Beta-2 Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sample Preparation Techniques for Growth-Promoting Agents in Various Mammalian Specimen Preceding MS-Analytics

Klöppner,

Harps,

Parr

2024

Molecules

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“…36,37 Recently, ESI-MS (as flow injection analysis) was used as a real-time method for the analyses of veterinary drugs and metabolites in a number of animal-based matrices. 38,39 However, ambient ionization methods have some limitations, including inability to return quantitative data with sensitivities akin to traditional LC/MS or GC/MS, susceptibility to produce false-positives and/or false-negatives, and poor autosampling platforms relative to LC/MS or GC/MS. 40−44 Despite these limitations, ambient ionization methods are used in a diverse set of applications due to their real-time sample analyses capabilities.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison, traditional LC/MS or GC/MS analyses typically require extensive sample preparation and, by definition, chromatographic separation prior to MS detection. Because of rapid sample analyses capabilities, ambient ionization methods are often regarded as real-time MS analyses or direct MS analyses. , Recently, ESI-MS (as flow injection analysis) was used as a real-time method for the analyses of veterinary drugs and metabolites in a number of animal-based matrices. , However, ambient ionization methods have some limitations, including inability to return quantitative data with sensitivities akin to traditional LC/MS or GC/MS, susceptibility to produce false-positives and/or false-negatives, and poor autosampling platforms relative to LC/MS or GC/MS. − Despite these limitations, ambient ionization methods are used in a diverse set of applications due to their real-time sample analyses capabilities. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Screening Method for β-Adrenergic Agonist Residues Incurred in Animal Urine Using Direct Analysis in Real-Time Mass Spectrometry

Shelver

Chakrabarty

Smith

2021

ACS Food Sci. Technol.

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Direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) works at atmospheric pressure without lengthy, laborintensive sample preparation or chromatographic separation of analytes. Consequently, DART-MS reduces labor, most laboratory supply costs, and overall time of analysis. This study was designed to determine the usefulness of DART-MS for the rapid detection and semiquantitation of the β-agonists clenbuterol, ractopamine, salbutamol, and zilpaterol in cow, horse, and sheep urine. Samples were mixed with 10% sodium carbonate followed by extraction with ethyl acetate and applied to a 96-grid DART mesh prior to analyses. Total DART-MS analysis time was approximately 45 min per 96-grid plate. The coefficient of determination of standard curves for the compounds in cow, horse, and sheep urine ranged from 0.9930 to 0.9986, 0.9829 to 0.9990, and 0.9925 to 0.9997, respectively. Limits of quantitation (LOQs) for clenbuterol, ractopamine, salbutamol, and zilpaterol ranged from 4.0 to 239.7, 29.5 to 551.3, and 6.9 to 205.2 ng/mL in cow, horse, and sheep urine, respectively. The interday relative standard deviations (RSDs) of standards fortified in cow, horse, and sheep urine were 26.3 to 33.4, 23.9 to 41.1, and 30.7 to 37.0%, respectively. Moderate correlations were measured between DART-MS and LC-MS/MS data for incurred zilpaterol in horse (R 2 = 0.73) and sheep urine (R 2 = 0.59). The study demonstrates the utility of DART-MS for rapidly screening four commonly assayed β-agonists in urine matrices with very little sample preparation.

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Rapid quantification of cannabinoids in beef tissues and bodily fluids using direct-delivery electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Chakrabarty

Serum

Winders

et al. 2022

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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Evaluation of rapid and standard tandem mass spectrometric methods to analyse veterinary drugs and their metabolites in antemortem bodily fluids from food animals

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Sample Preparation Techniques for Growth-Promoting Agents in Various Mammalian Specimen Preceding MS-Analytics

Sample Preparation Techniques for Growth-Promoting Agents in Various Mammalian Specimen Preceding MS-Analytics

Rapid Screening Method for β-Adrenergic Agonist Residues Incurred in Animal Urine Using Direct Analysis in Real-Time Mass Spectrometry

Rapid quantification of cannabinoids in beef tissues and bodily fluids using direct-delivery electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

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