Evaluation of prevalence of "doping" among Italian athletes

Scarpino, Vilma

doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)92502-9

Cited by 86 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Of these 55 articles, only six met the relevance criteria (Table 1). Of these six articles, the average response rate was 59% and study sample sizes ranged from 102 (Scarpino, et al, 1990) to 771 (Woods & Moynihan, 2009). Two studies originated in France (2003) (Laure & Kriebitzsch-Lejeune, 2000) and the remaining studies emerged from the UK (Greenway & Greenway, 1997), Italy (Scarpino, et al, 1990), Greece (Panagiotis, Ourania, Christos, & Jannis, 2006) and Ireland (Woods & Moynihan, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these six articles, the average response rate was 59% and study sample sizes ranged from 102 (Scarpino, et al, 1990) to 771 (Woods & Moynihan, 2009). Two studies originated in France (2003) (Laure & Kriebitzsch-Lejeune, 2000) and the remaining studies emerged from the UK (Greenway & Greenway, 1997), Italy (Scarpino, et al, 1990), Greece (Panagiotis, Ourania, Christos, & Jannis, 2006) and Ireland (Woods & Moynihan, 2009). In terms of samples, general practitioners (GPs) were the focus of most surveys (Greenway & Greenway, 1997;Laure, et al, 2003;Panagiotis, et al, 2006;Woods & Moynihan, 2009), males represented an average of 68% of respondents and the mean age of the participants across the studies was 41 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Doping in sport: A review of medical practitioners’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs

Backhouse

McKenna

2011

International Journal of Drug Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Telephone number:+44 (0) AbstractBackground: Central to the work of many medical practitioners is the provision of pharmaceutical support for patients. Patients can include athletes who are subject to antidoping rules and regulations which prohibit the use of certain substances in and out of competition. This paper examines the evidence on medical practitioners' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs towards doping in sport. Methods: A systematic search strategy was followed.Research questions and relevance criteria were developed a priori. Potentially relevant studies were located through electronic and hand searches limited to English language articles published between 1990 and 2010. Articles were assessed for relevance by two independent assessors and the results of selected studies were abstracted and synthesised. Outcomes of interest were knowledge, attitudes and beliefs in relation to doping in sport. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria and were examined in detail. Samples reflected a range of medical practitioners drawn from the UK, France (2), Greece, Italy and Ireland. The investigations varied with respect to outcome focus and quality of evidence presented. Conclusion:While the extant empirical research posits a negative attitude towards illegal performance enhancement combined with a positive inclination towards doping prevention, it also exposes a limited knowledge of anti-doping rules and regulations. Insufficient education, leading to a lack of awareness and understanding, could render this professional group at risk of doping offences considering Article 2.8 of the World Anti-Doping Agency Code (WADC). Moreover, in light of the incongruence between professional medical codes and WADC Article 2.8, medical professionals may face doping dilemmas and therefore further discourse is required. At present, the current evidence-base makes it difficult to plan developmentally appropriate education to span the exposure spectrum. Addressing this situation appears warranted.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doping in sport: A review of medical practitioners’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs

Backhouse

McKenna

2011

International Journal of Drug Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There have been several attempts to estimate the prevalence of doping in elite sports, mainly by use of analytical chemistry (6 ) or questionnaire-based surveys (7,8 ). According to the statistics of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), adverse or atypical analytical results occur in 1% to 2% of the tests performed in WADA-accredited laboratories (9 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Blood Doping in Samples Collected from Elite Track and Field Athletes

Sottas¹,

Robinson²,

Fischetto

et al. 2011

Clinical Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND No reliable estimate of the prevalence of doping in elite sports has been published. Since 2001, the international governing body for athletics has implemented a blood-testing program to detect altered hematological profiles in the world's top-level athletes. METHODS A total of 7289 blood samples were collected from 2737 athletes out of and during international athletic competitions. Data were collected in parallel on each sample, including the age, sex, nationality, and birth date of the athlete; testing date; sport; venue; and instrument technology. Period prevalence of blood-doping in samples was estimated by comparing empirical cumulative distribution functions of the abnormal blood profile score computed for subpopulations with stratified reference cumulative distribution functions. RESULTS In addition to an expected difference between endurance and nonendurance athletes, we found nationality to be the major factor of heterogeneity. Estimates of the prevalence of blood doping ranged from 1% to 48% for subpopulations of samples and a mean of 14% for the entire study population. Extreme cases of secondary polycythemia highlighted the health risks associated with blood manipulations. CONCLUSIONS When applied at a population level, in this case the population of samples, hematological data can be used to estimate period prevalence of blood doping in elite sports. We found that the world's top-level athletes are not only heterogeneous in physiological and anthropometric factors but also in their doping behavior, with contrasting attitudes toward doping between countries. When applied at the individual level, the same biomarkers, as formalized in the Athlete Biological Passport paradigm, can be used in analysis of the observed different physiological characteristics and behavioral heterogeneities.

show abstract

“…This is acknowledged by a Dutch survey amongst elite athletes where 4% effectively felt this pressure [37]. In a study amongst Italian athletes, 62% of the athletes that used doping mentioned pressure from coaches or managers as a reason [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ethics of Gene Doping: A Survey of Elite Athletes and Academic Professionals

Dierickx¹,

Deckx²,

Hens³

2012

J Clinic Res Bioeth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the advent of genome-wide association studies more is known about genes that influence performance and health-related fitness. Gene therapy has the potential to be abused for performance gain by athletes. This is called gene doping. At the moment there is little known about the opinions of athletes and professionals with regard to the use of gene doping for performance gain. Therefore we found it useful to query the opinions of elite athletes at the Catholic University of Louvain and the professors working at the Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences. We received 75 questionnaires, corresponding to a response rate of 56%. We used SAS Enterprise Guide 4 for the statistical analysis. We performed a frequency analysis and the data were tested using a bilateral Wilcoxon-MannWhitney U test at a significance level of 0.05 to check for differences. We found that a majority of the respondents had already heard of gene doping. Also, people believed it to be a health risk. People thought that pressure from the environment was an important reason why athletes might use gene doping. Gene doping was also considered a threat to fair play.

show abstract

Evaluation of prevalence of "doping" among Italian athletes

Cited by 86 publications

References 8 publications

Doping in sport: A review of medical practitioners’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs

Doping in sport: A review of medical practitioners’ knowledge, attitudes and beliefs

Prevalence of Blood Doping in Samples Collected from Elite Track and Field Athletes

The Ethics of Gene Doping: A Survey of Elite Athletes and Academic Professionals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About