Evaluation of potential embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of 42 herbicides, insecticides, and petroleum contaminants to mallard eggs

Hoffman, David J.; Albers, Peter H.

doi:10.1007/bf01055642

Cited by 86 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…No reports on the reproductive or developmental toxicity of mecoprop or dicamba have been published in the recent literature, although dicamba has been reported to be embryotoxic to mallard duck embryos (Hoffman and Albers 1984). Early developmental 2,4-D toxicity studies seem to indicate that malformations only occur at high doses of exposure and are mainly related to alterations in ossification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental toxicity of a commercial herbicide mixture in mice: I. Effects on embryo implantation and litter size.

Cavieres

Jaeger

Porter

2002

Environ Health Perspect

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We investigated the developmental toxicity in mice of a common commercial formulation of herbicide containing a mixture of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), mecoprop, dicamba, and inactive ingredients. Pregnant mice were exposed to one of four different doses of the herbicide mixture diluted in their drinking water, either during preimplantation and organogenesis or only during organogenesis. Litter size, birth weight, and crown-rump length were determined at birth, and pups were allowed to lactate and grow without additional herbicide exposure so that they could be subjected to additional immune, endocrine, and behavioral studies, the results of which will be reported in a separate article. At weaning, dams were sacrificed, and the number of implantation sites was determined. The data, although apparently influenced by season, showed an inverted or U-shaped dose-response pattern for reduced litter size, with the low end of the dose range producing the greatest decrease in the number of live pups born. The decrease in litter size was associated with a decrease in the number of implantation sites, but only at very low and low environmentally relevant doses. Fetotoxicity, as evidenced by a decrease in weight and crown-rump length of the newborn pups or embryo resorption, was not significantly different in the herbicide-treated litters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental toxicity of a commercial herbicide mixture in mice: I. Effects on embryo implantation and litter size.

Cavieres

Jaeger

Porter

2002

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Surviv ing hatchlings may be malformed (Hoffman & Albers 1984). It has been observed that gulls use nesting material which is contaminated with oil up to severaI years after a spill (Maccarone & Brzorad 1994).…”

Section: Seabirds and Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Effects on Seabirds and Marine Mammals of Petroleum Activity in the Northern Barents Sea

Anker-Nilsson¹,

Isaksen²,

Bakken³

et al. 1998

Colonial Waterbirds

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“…The finding is supported by the available literature. Hoffman and Albers [33] tested mixtures of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons present in crude oils and found that the aromatic mixture was substantially more toxic than was the aliphatic mixture (LD50 of 13.0 pl/egg vs. >75 pllegg). Ellington [37] fractionated Prudhoe Bay crude oil into aliphatics, two/ three-ring aromatics, and four/five-ring aromatics, and tested each by applying them directly to the air sac membrane of developing chicken eggs.…”

Section: Direct-eggshell-application Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and 4.2 pl/egg (1.3 to 6.9,95% C.I.) for mallard [33] and leghorn chicken embryos [34] (calculated from reported data), respectively. Results of our studies indicate that WEVC was not toxic to developing mallard eggs when applied at doses up to 92 mg/egg; however, applications of 125 mg/egg did result in significantly increased embryo mortality.…”

Section: Direct-eggshell-application Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of naturally weathered Exxon valdez crude oil on mallard reproduction

Stubblefield¹,

Hancock²,

Prince³

et al. 1995

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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-A one-generation reproductive toxicity study and a direct eggshell application toxicity study were conducted using the mallard (Anasplatyrhynchos) to assess the toxicity of naturally weathered North Slope crude oil (WEVC), obtained following the Exwon Valdez spill. In the reproductive study, birds were fed diets containing 0,200,2,000, and 20,000 mg of WEVC/kg diet. No significant differences ( p 5 0.05) in mortality, body weight, food consumption, reproductive parameters, or hatchling parameters were observed. Significant decreases in mean serum phosphorous, serum total protein, albumin, bilirubin, and calcium concentrations were observed in high-dose-group females; no differences were noted among males. Eggshell strength and thickness in the high-dose group were significantly reduced compared to controls. Trends toward increased liver weights and decreased spleen weights were observed in WEVC-treated birds. Applications of WEVC to developing eggs showed it to be less toxic than unweathered North Slope crude oil. Doses covering up to one-third of the shell area of developing mallard eggs (92 mg) resulted in no effects on developing embryos. Eggs treated with the control material, petrolatum, were adversely affected by applications covering approximately one-sixth of the eggshell (24 mg), suggesting inhibition of gas exchange. Neither material affected hatchling survival or growth.

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Evaluation of potential embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of 42 herbicides, insecticides, and petroleum contaminants to mallard eggs

Cited by 86 publications

References 40 publications

Developmental toxicity of a commercial herbicide mixture in mice: I. Effects on embryo implantation and litter size.

Developmental toxicity of a commercial herbicide mixture in mice: I. Effects on embryo implantation and litter size.

Potential Effects on Seabirds and Marine Mammals of Petroleum Activity in the Northern Barents Sea

Effects of naturally weathered Exxon valdez crude oil on mallard reproduction

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